Acute cholecystitis associated with infection of Enterobacteriaceae from gut microbiota

Abstract

Acute cholecystitis (AC) is one of the most common surgical diseases. Bacterial infection accounts for 50% to 85% of the disease's onset. Since there is a close relationship between the biliary system and the gut, the aims of this study were to characterize and determine the influence of gut microbiota on AC, to detect the pathogenic microorganism in the biliary system, and to explore the relationship between the gut and bile microbiota of patients with AC. A total of 185 713 high-quality sequence reads were generated from the faecal samples of 15 patients and 13 healthy controls by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Patients' samples were significantly enriched in Akkermansia, Enterobacter and Escherichia/Shigella group. The healthy controls, however, showed significant enrichment of Clostridiales, Coprococcus, Coprobacillaceae, Paraprevotella, Turicibacter and TM7-3 in their faecal samples. Escherichia coli was the main biliary pathogenic microorganism, among others such as Klebsiella spp., Clostridium perfringens, Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae in the bile of the patients. Additionally, the amount of bile endotoxin significantly correlated with the number of Enterobacteriaceae, especially E. coli. Our data indicate that Enterobacteriaceae might play essential role in the pathogenesis and/or progress of AC. This was verified in an in vivo model using a pathogenic E. coli isolated from one of the patients in guinea pigs and observed marked gallbladder inflammation and morphologic changes. This study thus provides insight which could be useful for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AC and related diseases by controlling the growth of Enterobacteriaceae to alleviate the infection.

Accelerated dysbiosis of gut microbiota during aggravation of DSS-induced colitis by a butyrate-producing bacterium

“…However, the enrichment of Akkermansia by DSS treatment has been reported in the acute inflammation models of the previous studies using 454 pyrosequencing, quantitative PCR and MITChip344041. Recently, Akkermansia has been reported to be increased in faeces of mice with DSS-induced colonic colitis33 and patients suffering from colorectal cancer and cholecystitis4243. In a gnotobiotic C3H mouse model with a background microbiota of eight bacterial species, infection with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium together with Akkermansia muciniphila induces more serious inflammation than using S. enterica Typhimurium alone44.…”

Composition of gut microbiota in infants in China and global comparison

“…Proteobacteria are generally considered to be potential or opportunistic pathogens due to their proinflammatory properties262728, and the enrichment of gut Enterobacteriaceae is usually associated with the pathogenesis of obesity, cholecystitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)29303132. In addition, early gut microbiota with a low prevalence of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and a high prevalence of E. coli and Clostridium difficile has been associated with allergic disease in childhood5.…”

Enzymatic production of wheat and ryegrass derived xylooligosaccharides and evaluation of their in vitro effect on pig gut microbiota

“…Two of these groups, Enterobacteriaceae and Cl. perfringens, can be pathogenic for pigs [27,28], and a reduction of their numbers is considered beneficial for maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, lactic acid bacteria are considered a beneficial microbial group with regard to gastrointestinal health [29,30].…”