Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: A case history

Weir, Alastair; Paton, Alison; Pentland, Brian T.

doi:10.3109/13682829309041474

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…MS [7][8][9], parainfectious encephalomyelitis [10] and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [11,12] have all been reported to present as lesions mimicking brain tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focal Plaque of Demyelination Mimicking Cerebral Tumor in a Pediatric Patient

Kumar

Toth²,

Jay³

1998

Pediatr Neurosurg

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Focal, demyelinating lesions of the cerebrum mimicking brain tumors are a rare phenomenon, and even rarer in a pediatric population. We document the case of a 14-year-old female whose clinical, radiological and operative findings were strongly suggestive of glioma. However, histopathology revealed a demyelinating process. This case is significant as the lesion could not be distinguished from a glioma at any time in the presentation. At 41 months follow-up, the patient remains stable without further evidence of demyelination in other areas of the brain. Such a case suggests a cautious note for the pediatrician when presented with a similar patient and illustrates the importance of consideration of a demyelinating lesion in the differential diagnosis of a mass lesion in a pediatric population.

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“…MS [7][8][9], parainfectious encephalomyelitis [10] and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [11,12] have all been reported to present as lesions mimicking brain tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focal Plaque of Demyelination Mimicking Cerebral Tumor in a Pediatric Patient

Kumar

Toth²,

Jay³

1998

Pediatr Neurosurg

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“…ADEM can present itself as a psychosis (6). Weir et al (7) published a case history in which communication difficulties and cognitive deficits were mentioned along with hemiplegia. A more recent report focused on the neuropsychological problems associated with ADEM (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation Problems After Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Four Cases

Sunnerhagen¹,

Johansson²,

Ekholm³

2003

Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

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The aim of this study is to describe rehabilitation problems in patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The study examines retrospective clinical data. Data are reported from 4 patients, who were consecutively admitted and examined with the Functional Independence Measure and magnetic resonance imaging. It was found that the lesions in the brains affected by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis are widespread, but become smaller with time. Motor symptoms dominate at first, but recovery is quite good. Social and cognitive functions are also affected, however, and require a much longer recovery time. These symptoms are, thus, the dominating problem in the rehabilitation ward. At clinical follow-up after 3 years the cognitive problems still influenced the lives of the patients. It is concluded that social and cognitive problems seem to be common in patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Recovery in these areas takes a long time and this is the main rehabilitation problem, since it affects the capability of the person to reintegrate into society.

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Studio RM dell'encefalomielite acuta disseminata

Andreula

Milella

Nella

et al. 1996

Rivista di Neuroradiologia

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Parole chiave: encefalomielite acuta disseminata, RM RIASSUNTO-L'encefalomielite acuta disseminata e una patologia infiammatoria demielinizzante a carattere diffuso o multifocale, che colpisce la sostanza bianca dell'encefalo e/o del midollo spinale.Insorge a distanza di tempo variabile (2 settimane-5 mesi) da eventi infettivi ad eziologia virale, oppure da pratiche vacciniche. Il decorso, acuto e monofasico, ha una durata di 1-3 settimane. Tale malattia, che ha un'incidenza sicuramente superiore rispetto a quanto riportato nelle statistiche, colpisce prevalentemente l'infanzia e l'adolescenza.Dal punto di vista istopatologico, la malattia e caratterizzata dalla presenza di infiltrati infiammatori perivascolari, soprattutto perivenulari, di cellule mononucleate, associati a zone di demielinizzazione che seguono il decorso delle venule. La gliosi astrocitaria e il risultato riparativo.La somiglianza clinica fra encefalite acuta disseminata e sclerosi multipla, e quindi l'encefalite allergica sperimentale, ha fatto prospettare nella sua patogenesi l'intervento di meccanismi autoimmunitari. Dal punto di vista neuroradiologico, le lesioni ascrivibili ad encefalite acuta disseminata non presentano un'espressivita unitaria, anche se e possibile individuare alcuni caratteri relativamente costanti.Tale stato di cose, innanzitutto mette in dubbio la possibilita di una diagnosi solamente neuroradiologica di encefalite acuta disseminata, che invece per essere posta necessita di un accurato controllo cliniconeuroradiologico, ed in seconda istanza alimenta la domanda «ci troviamo di fronte ad un'entita nosografica ben distinta oppure ad uno spettro di malattie?».SUMMARY -Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a diffuse or multifocal demyelinating disorder affecting the white matter of the brain and/or spinal cord and may arise some time (2 weeks-5 months) after viral infections or immunisation. The disease has an acute course lasting 1 to 3 weeks and mainly affects children and adolescents with a far more frequent incidence than that listed in statistical reports.Histopathology reveals perivenous, especially perivenular, inflammatory exudate and mononuclear cells associated with small foci of demyelination with a perivenular distribution. Astrocytic gliosis is the the outcome of repair. The clinical similarities between acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis and hence experimental allergic encephalitis have implicated auto immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the disorder.The neuroradiological features of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis are not diagnostic, but some relatively constant changes are displayed in MR scans. Thorough clinical and neuroradiological follow-up is required to establish diagnosis and the disorder must be distinguished from a spectrum of different diseases.

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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: A case history

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Focal Plaque of Demyelination Mimicking Cerebral Tumor in a Pediatric Patient

Focal Plaque of Demyelination Mimicking Cerebral Tumor in a Pediatric Patient

Rehabilitation Problems After Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Four Cases

Studio RM dell'encefalomielite acuta disseminata

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