Acute effects of air pollutants on daily mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases

Abstract

is one of the districts in Chiang Mai, Thailand facing high level of seasonal air pollution every year, the exposure of community dwellers to outdoor air pollutants 24 hours a day during seasonal smog period because of their open-air housing style, and agricultural occupational hazard. In addition, Chiang Dao hospital is the only available hospital serving the community with open-air wards; therefore we could certainly to identify the association between air pollution and mortality of hospitalized patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the association between daily average seasonal air pollutants and daily mortality of hospitalized patients and community dwellers as well as emergency and hospitalization visits for serious respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods: This time series study was conducted between 1 March 2016 and 31 March 2017. The association of various air pollutant concentrations including particulate matter diameter less than 10 and 2.5 microns (PM 10 and PM 2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O 3) and daily mortality of hospitalized patients and community dwellers as well as relationship with frequencies of serious respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases were analyzed using a general linear model with Poisson distribution. Results: Only PM 2.5 was found to be associated with increased daily mortality of hospitalized patients (lag day 6, adjusted RR =1.153, 95% CI: 1.001-1.329), whereas PM 10 , PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and O 3 were associated with increased daily non-accidental mortality of community dwellers (lag day 0-7, adjusted RR =1.006-1.040, 95% CI: 1.000-1.074). For acute serious respiratory events; PM 10 and PM 2.5 were associated with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), while SO 2 , CO, and O 3 were associated with emergency visits for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). O 3 was associated with emergency visits for heart failure (HF), NO 2 with emergency visits for myocardial infarction (MI), and SO 2 with hospitalized visits for cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Conclusions: Seasonal air pollutants were found to be associated with higher mortality among hospitalized patients and community dwellers with varying effects on severe acute respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases.

Effects of Short-term Exposure to Ambient Airborne Pollutants on COPD-related Mortality Among the Elderly Residents of Chengdu City in Southwest China

“…After adjusting for the remaining pollutants each time, the effects of CO were attenuated. Previous studies also reported unstable associations between ambient CO and COPD occurrences, hospitalizations, and emergency visits [32][33][34]. The effects of ambient CO on COPDrelated mortality require further con rmation in future research.…”

The relationship between increased air pollution expressed as PM10 concentration and the frequency of percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with acute coronary syndromes—a seasonal differences

“…Analysis performed in 22 European cohorts within the multicentre European Study of Cohorts for Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) revealed that long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution is associated with naturalcause mortality, also when considering concentration ranges below European annual mean upper limits (Beelen et al 2014). It has been also demonstrated that deaths related to cardiovascular and respiratory system diseases, as well as cancers, remain in close relationship with air pollution (Beelen et al 2014;Pothirat et al 2019). Among the air pollutants, ambient particular matters play an important role, and so far, many studies have been completed assessing their impact on the incidence and pathogenesis of cardiovascular, respiratory and other deadly diseases that account for the largest percentage of deaths nowadays (Ye et al 2001;Araujo et al 2008;Madrigano et al 2011;Nemmar et al 2003).…”

Analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and ozone pollution: A qualitative study

“…Results for ozone (O 3 ), PM smaller than 10 microns (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), were inconsistent (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). More specifically, O 3 levels had a positive relationship with heart failure (18), hospital admissions, global mortality (19), and respiratory and cardiovascular mortality (19,20). Eight studies investigated the association between OHCA and short-term exposure to O 3 levels (10)(11)(12)15,(21)(22)(23)(24).…”