Acute Effects of Caffeine on Strength Performance in Trained and Untrained Individuals

Brooks, Joseph H; Wyld, Kevin; Chrismas, Bryna C. R.

doi:10.4172/2324-9080.1000217

Cited by 26 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The only study included in the review by Grgic et al 11 that directly compared the effects of caffeine between trained and untrained individuals reported ergogenic effects of caffeine in untrained but not in trained individuals. 59 These results are in contrast to the common belief about greater responsiveness to caffeine in trained individuals. Future work is needed on this topic (for additional discussion on this topic see the reviews by Tallis et al 62 and Burke 63 ).…”

Section: Optimal Timing Of Caffeine Ingestionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…While it has been suggested that trained individuals might respond better to caffeine ingestion, the current evidence on this topic is scarce and conflicting. [59][60][61] The meta-analyses that have tried to explore this matter were commonly performed on a limited number of studies. For example, Grgic et al 11 only included seven and four studies for their subgroup analysis of the effects of caffeine among trained and untrained individuals, respectively.…”

Section: Optimal Timing Of Caffeine Ingestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance—an umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveTo systematically review, summarise and appraise findings of published meta-analyses that examined the effects of caffeine on exercise performance.DesignUmbrella review.Data sourcesTwelve databases.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesMeta-analyses that examined the effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise performance.ResultsEleven reviews (with a total of 21 meta-analyses) were included, all being of moderate or high methodological quality (assessed using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 checklist). In the meta-analyses, caffeine was ergogenic for aerobic endurance, muscle strength, muscle endurance, power, jumping performance and exercise speed. However, not all analyses provided a definite direction for the effect of caffeine when considering the 95% prediction interval. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria the quality of evidence was generally categorised as moderate (with some low to very low quality of evidence). Most individual studies included in the published meta-analyses were conducted among young men.Summary/conclusionSynthesis of the currently available meta-analyses suggest that caffeine ingestion improves exercise performance in a broad range of exercise tasks. Ergogenic effects of caffeine on muscle endurance, muscle strength, anaerobic power and aerobic endurance were substantiated by moderate quality of evidence coming from moderate-to-high quality systematic reviews. For other outcomes, we found moderate quality reviews that presented evidence of very low or low quality. It seems that the magnitude of the effect of caffeine is generally greater for aerobic as compared with anaerobic exercise. More primary studies should be conducted among women, middle-aged and older adults to improve the generalisability of these findings.

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Section: Optimal Timing Of Caffeine Ingestionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Optimal Timing Of Caffeine Ingestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance—an umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses

et al. 2019

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“…The only other study to compare trained and untrained subjects in the same design, that also observed caffeine-induced improvements in performance, reported that untrained and trained subjects experienced similar improvements in 10-km cycling performance [15], which again is in contrast to the prior mentioned meta analysis. The other two studies concluded that training status had no effect on time-to-fatigue [16] or peak strength [17], although there was no main effect of caffeine in either study. The lack of a significant ergogenic effect of caffeine in these studies (i.e., experimental models that did not detect a beneficial effect of caffeine) makes it impossible to tease out the impact of training levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time of Day and Training Status Both Impact the Efficacy of Caffeine for Short Duration Cycling Performance

et al. 2016

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This project was designed to assess the effects of time of day and training status on the benefits of caffeine supplementation for cycling performance. Twenty male subjects (Age, 25 years; Peak oxygen consumption, 57 mL·kg−1·min−1) were divided into tertiles based on training levels, with top and bottom tertiles designated as ‘trained’ (n = 7) and ‘untrained’ (n = 7). Subjects completed two familiarization trials and four experimental trials consisting of a computer-simulated 3-km cycling time trial (TT). The trials were performed in randomized order for each combination of time of day (morning and evening) and treatment (6mg/kg of caffeine or placebo). Magnitude-based inferences were used to evaluate all treatment effects. For all subjects, caffeine enhanced TT performance in the morning (2.3% ± 1.7%, ‘very likely’) and evening (1.4% ± 1.1%, ‘likely’). Both untrained and trained subjects improved performance with caffeine supplementation in the morning (5.5% ± 4.3%, ‘likely’; 1.0% ± 1.7%, ‘likely’, respectively), but only untrained subjects rode faster in the evening (2.9% ± 2.6%, ‘likely’). Altogether, our observations indicate that trained athletes are more likely to derive ergogenic effects from caffeine in the morning than the evening. Further, untrained individuals appear to receive larger gains from caffeine in the evening than their trained counterparts.

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“…Mizuno et al [ 106 ] reported that trained men have greater adenosine A 2a receptor densities than untrained subjects; it might be that this increase in adenosine receptor density in trained individuals allows greater binding of caffeine to these receptors, increasing the magnitude of the acute improvements in exercise performance following caffeine ingestion. This idea, however, remains speculative; in contrast to the work by Collomp et al [ 24 ] and Astorino et al [ 97 ], other studies report that caffeine ingestion may produce similar performance benefits in both trained and untrained (or recreationally trained) individuals [ 107 , 109 ]. Moreover, in some cases, caffeine ingestion enhanced performance in untrained but not in trained individuals [ 109 ]; see Table 2 for a summary of these studies.…”

Section: What Else Do We Need To Know About Caffeine In Sport?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This idea, however, remains speculative; in contrast to the work by Collomp et al [ 24 ] and Astorino et al [ 97 ], other studies report that caffeine ingestion may produce similar performance benefits in both trained and untrained (or recreationally trained) individuals [ 107 , 109 ]. Moreover, in some cases, caffeine ingestion enhanced performance in untrained but not in trained individuals [ 109 ]; see Table 2 for a summary of these studies.…”

Section: What Else Do We Need To Know About Caffeine In Sport?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine and Exercise: What Next?

2019

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Caffeine is a widely utilized performance-enhancing supplement used by athletes and non-athletes alike. In recent years, a number of meta-analyses have demonstrated that caffeine’s ergogenic effects on exercise performance are well-established and well-replicated, appearing consistent across a broad range of exercise modalities. As such, it is clear that caffeine is an ergogenic aid—but can we further explore the context of this ergogenic aid in order to better inform practice? We propose that future research should aim to better understand the nuances of caffeine use within sport and exercise. Here, we propose a number of areas for exploration within future caffeine research. These include an understanding of the effects of training status, habitual caffeine use, time of day, age, and sex on caffeine ergogenicity, as well as further insight into the modifying effects of genotype. We also propose that a better understanding of the wider, non-direct effects of caffeine on exercise, such as how it modifies sleep, anxiety, and post-exercise recovery, will ensure athletes can maximize the performance benefits of caffeine supplementation during both training and competition. Whilst not exhaustive, we hope that the questions provided within this manuscript will prompt researchers to explore areas with the potential to have a large impact on caffeine use in the future.

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Acute Effects of Caffeine on Strength Performance in Trained and Untrained Individuals

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance—an umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses

Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance—an umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses

Time of Day and Training Status Both Impact the Efficacy of Caffeine for Short Duration Cycling Performance

Caffeine and Exercise: What Next?

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