Acute Effects of Exercise on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analytic Investigation

Abstract

Hypertension affects 25% of the world's population and is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders and other diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the evidence regarding the acute effect of exercise on blood pressure (BP) using meta-analytic measures. Sixty-five studies were compared using effect sizes (ES), and heterogeneity and Z tests to determine whether the ES were different from zero. The mean corrected global ES for exercise conditions were -0.56 (-4.80 mmHg) for systolic BP (sBP) and -0.44 (-3.19 mmHg) for diastolic BP (dBP; z ≠ 0 for all; p < 0.05). The reduction in BP was significant regardless of the participant's initial BP level, gender, physical activity level, antihypertensive drug intake, type of BP measurement, time of day in which the BP was measured, type of exercise performed, and exercise training program (p < 0.05 for all). ANOVA tests revealed that BP reductions were greater if participants were males, not receiving antihypertensive medication, physically active, and if the exercise performed was jogging. A significant inverse correlation was found between age and BP ES, body mass index (BMI) and sBP ES, duration of the exercise's session and sBP ES, and between the number of sets performed in the resistance exercise program and sBP ES (p < 0.05). Regardless of the characteristics of the participants and exercise, there was a reduction in BP in the hours following an exercise session. However, the hypotensive effect was greater when the exercise was performed as a preventive strategy in those physically active and without antihypertensive medication.

Efecto Agudo De Dos Intensidades De Ejercicio Contra Resistencia Sobre La Presión Arterial en Reposo De Personas Normotensas

“…Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional A pesar de que un metaanálisis reciente a nivel general mostró que, indistintamente de la intensidad a la que se realiza el ejercicio, esta produce efecto hipotensor (Carpio et al, 2016), dicha generalización se debe observar con cuidado si se desea obtener el mejor resultado al prescribir el ejercicio, ya que no toma en cuenta la edad de las personas participantes en los diferentes estudios, ni el tiempo de medición de la presión arterial, ni las diferencias metodológicas en las que se realizaron las mediciones de las repeticiones máximas.…”

“…Aunque existe evidencia científica respaldando la HPE, los estudios actualmente se enfocan en determinar cuáles son las características que debe tener el ejercicio para lograr una mayor magnitud y duración de la HPE (Carpio, Moncada, Salazar, & Solera, 2016), tanto en normotensos como en hipertensos, ya que se quiere ofrecer no solo el ejercicio como factor de protección para evitar el desarrollo de la enfermedad, sino Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional también como terapia no farmacológica para quienes ya la han desarrollado (Del Valle, et al 2015).…”

Hypertrophy, heart failure, brain and physical activity - the molecular basis of this connection

“…63 Acutely, it has been reported reductions of BP in both aerobic and resistance training. 64,65 Chronically, previous studies found that regularly-performed PE is associated with reductions of 8.3 and 5.2 mmHg in resting systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. 66 Corroborating with this data, evidence that summarizes the effects exercise training, showing that the effects of PE reach a reduction greater than 5 mmHg on systolic blood pressure.…”

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“…Although this variability, several meta-analyses and epidemiological evidences have consistently shown a total beneficial effect of a regular physical activity [94][95][96]. A regularly performed aerobic exercise of mild to moderate intensity is effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive individuals for all ages and both genders.…”