Acute Effects of Red Bull Energy Drinks on Atrial Electromechanical Function in Healthy Young Adults

Özde, Cem; Kaya, Adnan; Akbudak, İ̇smail Hakkı; Aktüre, Gülşah; Kayapınar, Osman

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.11.020

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…According to various reports, EDs can cause all kinds of arrhythmias, with occurring atrial fibrillation (AF) the most often [ 61 ]. QT prolongation, aortic dissection, myocardial infarctions, acute coronary vasospasm, and sudden death have been also observed in healthy subjects with structurally normal hearts or high-risk cardiovascular patients due to massive quantities of EDs consumption [ 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: Alarming Effects Associated With Energy Drink Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Energy Drink Consumption on Physical Performance and Potential Danger of Inordinate Usage

et al. 2021

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The rise in energy drink (ED) intake in the general population and athletes has been achieved with smart and effective marketing strategies. There is a robust base of evidence showing that adolescents are the main consumers of EDs. The prevalence of ED usage in this group ranges from 52% to 68%, whilst in adults is estimated at 32%. The compositions of EDs vary widely. Caffeine content can range from 75 to 240 mg, whereas the average taurine quantity is 342.28 mg/100 mL. Unfortunately, exact amounts of the other ED elements are often not disclosed by manufacturers. Caffeine and taurine in doses 3–6 mg/kg and 1–6 g, respectively, appear to be the main ergogenic elements. However, additive or synergic properties between them seem to be implausible. Because of non-unified protocol design, presented studies show inconsistency between ED ingestion and improved physical performance. Potential side effects caused by abusive consumption or missed contraindications are the aspects that are the most often overlooked by consumers and not fully elucidated by ED producers. In this review, the authors aimed to present the latest scientific information on ED components and their possible impact on improving physical performance as well as to bring emphasis to the danger of inordinate consumption.

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Section: Alarming Effects Associated With Energy Drink Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Energy Drink Consumption on Physical Performance and Potential Danger of Inordinate Usage

et al. 2021

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“…Rather, it is important to review randomized controlled trials that have controlled for confounding variables and evaluated the short-term effects of ED consumption under controlled conditions, using valid instruments and study procedures. To address this, Shaw et al [ 239 ] utilized a non-caffeine control to assess acute effects of ED consumption. The authors observed significant differences in peripheral (ED 1: 15.9 ± 5.0 mm Hg; ED 2: 14.4 ± 4.8 mm Hg; Placebo: 9.8 ± 4.8 mm Hg) and central systolic blood pressure (ED 1: 11.1 ± 4.7 mm Hg; ED 2: 10.1 ± 4.8 mm Hg; Placebo: 6.5 ± 3.5 mm Hg) and peripheral (ED 1: 9.6 ± 4.1 mm Hg; ED 2: 9.6 ± 4.9 mm Hg; Placebo: 6.1 ± 3.8 mm Hg) and central diastolic blood pressure (ED 1: 9.9 ± 4.2 mm Hg; ED 2: 9.8 ± 5.1 mm Hg; Placebo: 6.7 ± 3.5 mm Hg) in young healthy adults following ingestion of two different EDs (containing 304–320 mg of caffeine per 32-fl oz., taurine, glucuronolactone, and vitamins along with other proprietary ingredients) compared to a placebo control.…”

Section: Safety Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International society of sports nutrition position stand: energy drinks and energy shots

Jagim

Harty

Tinsley

et al. 2023

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of energy drink (ED) or energy shot (ES) consumption on acute exercise performance, metabolism, and cognition, along with synergistic exercise-related performance outcomes and training adaptations. The following 13 points constitute the consensus of the Society and have been approved by the Research Committee of the Society: Energy drinks (ED) commonly contain caffeine, taurine, ginseng, guarana, carnitine, choline, B vitamins (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, and B12), vitamin C, vitamin A (beta carotene), vitamin D, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium), sugars (nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners), tyrosine, and L-theanine, with prevalence for each ingredient ranging from 1.3 to 100%. Energy drinks can enhance acute aerobic exercise performance, largely influenced by the amount of caffeine (> 200 mg or >3 mg∙kg bodyweight [BW −1 ]) in the beverage. Although ED and ES contain several nutrients that are purported to affect mental and/or physical performance, the primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES based on scientific evidence appear to be caffeine and/or the carbohydrate provision. The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been well-established, but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in ED and ES remains to be determined. Consuming ED and ES 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness, anaerobic performance, and/or endurance performance with doses >3 mg∙kg BW −1 . Consuming ED and ES containing at least 3 mg∙kg BW −1 caffeine is most likely to benefit maximal lower-body power production. Consuming ED and ES can improve endurance, repeat sprint performance, and sport-specific tasks in the context of team sports. Many ED and ES contain numerous ingredients that either have not been studied or evaluated in combination with other nutrients contained in the ED or ES. For this reason, these products need to be studied to demonstrate efficacy of single- and multi-nutrient formulations for physical and cognitive performance as well as for safety. Limited evidence is available to suggest that consumption of low-calorie ED and ES during training and/or weight loss trials may provide ergogenic benefit and/or promote additional weight control, potentially through enhanced training capacity. However, ingestion of higher calorie ED may promote weight gain if the energy intake from consumption of ED is not carefully considered as part of the total daily energy intake. Individuals should consider the impact of regular coingestion of high glycemic index carbohydrates from ED and ES on metabolic health, blood glucose, and insulin levels. Adolescents (aged 12 through 18) should exercise caution and seek parental guidance when considering th...

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Acute Effects of Red Bull Energy Drinks on Atrial Electromechanical Function in Healthy Young Adults

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of Energy Drink Consumption on Physical Performance and Potential Danger of Inordinate Usage

Effects of Energy Drink Consumption on Physical Performance and Potential Danger of Inordinate Usage

International society of sports nutrition position stand: energy drinks and energy shots

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