Acute exercise increases resistance to oxidative stress in young but not older adults

Nordin, Trevor; Done, Aaron J.; Traustadóttir, Tinna

doi:10.1007/s11357-014-9727-z

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In a similar study, a high fitness level group of older adults (66 years) had increased SOD and GPx both at rest and following an acute bout of acute exercise as compared to a low fitness level group (Bouzid, Hammouda, Matran, Robin, & Fabre, 2015). In addition, SOD activity in response to acute eccentric exercise was found to be significantly higher in young (20 years) compared to older adults (58 years) (Nordin, Done, & Traustadottir, 2014), suggesting that signal transduction in response to acute exercise may be impaired with aging. In the present study, due to the characteristics of the exercise bouts, it is more likely that the activity of SOD declined because ROS production was low (Di Meo & Venditti, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In the present study, due to the characteristics of the exercise bouts, it is more likely that the activity of SOD declined because ROS production was low (Di Meo & Venditti, 2001). It has been hypothesized that repeated periods of oxidative stress, as seen with some forms of exercise, may be needed to increase resistance to oxidative stress in older individuals (Nordin et al, 2014). Furthermore, it has been shown that older adults who exercise regularly had a lower oxidative profile and better ability to resist to an oxidative challenge (Traustadottir et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Volume Exercise Training in Older Athletes Influences Inflammatory and Redox Responses to Acute Exercise

Estrela

Zaparte

Silva

et al. 2017

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

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To examine whether the volume of previous exercise training in older athletes influences inflammatory, redox, and hormonal profiles, 40 trained marathon runners were divided into higher-volume (HVG, ∼480 min/week) and lower-volume groups (LVG, ∼240 min/week). Plasma inflammatory proteins, redox biomarkers, salivary testosterone, and cortisol were assessed at restand following two maximal acute exercise bouts. At rest, the LVG exhibited higher CRP, higher protein carbonyls, and lower SOD activity compared to the HVG (p's < .05). In response to exercise, TNF-α declined similarly in both groups whereas CRP increased differentially (+60% LVG; +24% HVG; p's < .05). Protein carbonyls decreased and thiols increased similarly in both groups, but SOD declined differentially between groups (-14% LVG; -20% HVG; p's < .05). Salivary testosterone decreased similarly in both groups, whereas cortisol did not change. A higher volume of training is associated with favorable inflammatory and redox profiles at rest, perhaps mediated by small inflammatory responses to acute exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Volume Exercise Training in Older Athletes Influences Inflammatory and Redox Responses to Acute Exercise

Estrela

Zaparte

Silva

et al. 2017

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cardoso et al [172] provided evidence that an acute RE session upregulates systemic indices of oxidative stress and reduces the antioxidant capacity in elderly women, immediately after the exercise. However, it seems that an age-related effect may exists, as a previous study showed a significantly higher activation of SOD in young compared to older adults, in response to an acute exercise bout [229]. Thus, it has been proposed that signal transduction of acute exercise may be impaired with aging [229].…”

Section: Acute Resistance Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it seems that an age-related effect may exists, as a previous study showed a significantly higher activation of SOD in young compared to older adults, in response to an acute exercise bout [229]. Thus, it has been proposed that signal transduction of acute exercise may be impaired with aging [229].…”

Section: Acute Resistance Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining

et al. 2019

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Although low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are beneficial for the organism ensuring normal cell and vascular function, the overproduction of ROS and increased oxidative stress levels play a significant role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This paper aims at providing a thorough review of the available literature investigating the effects of acute and chronic exercise training and detraining on redox regulation, in the context of CVDs. An acute bout of either cardiovascular or resistance exercise training induces a transient oxidative stress and inflammatory response accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity and enhanced oxidative damage. There is evidence showing that these responses to exercise are proportional to exercise intensity and inversely related to an individual's physical conditioning status. However, when chronically performed, both types of exercise amplify the antioxidant defense mechanism, reduce oxidative stress and preserve redox status. On the other hand, detraining results in maladaptations within a time-frame that depends on the exercise training intensity and mode, as high-intensity training is superior to low-intensity and resistance training is superior to cardiovascular training in preserving exercise-induced adaptations during detraining periods. Collectively, these findings suggest that exercise training, either cardiovascular or resistance or even a combination of them, is a promising, safe and efficient tool in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.

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“…Exercise therefore acts as a non-drug therapy and is able to maximize the effect of hypoglycemic drugs [16]. Moreover, acute exercise promotes other metabolic benefits such as lipemia reduction [17] and increases in antioxidant enzymes [18]. The cardioprotective effects of exercise, through their reduction in blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance, are associated with better acute metabolic function after exercise [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prior exercise on glycemic responses following carbohydrate ingestion in individuals with type 2 diabetes

2015

JCTRes

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Background: Exercise is effective in reducing glycemia, especially when it is performed in the postprandial period. However, no consensus exists in the literature about the effect of exercise on postprandial glucose control when it is performed before carbohydrate consumption. Aims: The main aim was to determine whether 20 min of exercise performed prior to carbohydrate consumption reduces postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses. A secondary aim was to analyze the effectiveness of short-term (10 min) exercise bout with respect to postprandial glycemia reduction Methods: Nine individuals with type 2 diabetes (54.9 ± 1.7 years; 30.7 ± 1.8 kg/m²; glycemia level of 167.0 ±10.6 mg/dL) participated in the study and underwent the following procedures: (a) an incremental test to determine the lactate threshold; (b) an exercise session for 20 minutes at moderate intensity (90% of the lactate threshold); and c) a control session. The last two sessions were randomized, and the participants were monitored during 135 minutes of post-exercise recovery. A standard meal was consumed two hours before the experimental procedures started. A dextrose solution was administered at 45 minutes of post-exercise recovery while monitoring glucose and insulin concentrations. At 135 min of post-exercise recovery, eight of the participants performed an additional 10-min exercise bout following induced hyperglycemia. Results: Exercise reduced glycemia (−46.6 ± 7.9 mg/dL) and the insulin/glucose ratio (from 1.73 ± 0.59 to 0.93 ± 0.22 µU/mL/mmol/L) during the first 45 minutes of post-exercise recovery. Glycemia was significantly increased after carbohydrate consumption, reaching its peak value at 105 minutes of post-exercise recovery (261.8 ± 15.8 mg/dL) or control (281.3 ± 13.4 mg/dL). There was no effect of the previous exercise in attenuating glycemia or reducing the area under the curve for glucose and insulin after carbohydrate consumption. However, the effectiveness of exercise in reducing glycemia was shown again when it was performed at the end of the experimental session, even in case of only a 10-min exercise (reduction of −44.5 ± 4.9 mg/dL). Conclusions: Twenty minutes of moderate exercise does not alter the kinetics or the area under the curve in terms of glycemia and insulinemia after subsequent carbohydrate consumption. However, moderate exercise, even if performed for only 10-20 minutes, is effective in reducing postprandial glycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Relevance for patients: Moderate-intensity exercise, even of short duration, may benefit individuals with type 2 diabetes on blood glucose control. A fast reduction in postprandial glycemia can be obtained with only ten minutes of exercise that, in turn, may ameliorate some of complications associated with the disease.

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Acute exercise increases resistance to oxidative stress in young but not older adults

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

High Volume Exercise Training in Older Athletes Influences Inflammatory and Redox Responses to Acute Exercise

High Volume Exercise Training in Older Athletes Influences Inflammatory and Redox Responses to Acute Exercise

Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining

Effects of prior exercise on glycemic responses following carbohydrate ingestion in individuals with type 2 diabetes

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