Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a warm reactive anti‐A1

Helmich, Floris; Baas, Inge O.; Ligthart, Peter; Bosch, Milou; Jonkers, Femke; Haas, Masja de; Graaf, F. van der

doi:10.1111/trf.14537

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…17 Similarly, two other studies have shown hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-A 1 . 18,19 Development of anti-A 1 antibodies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and organ transplantation has also been reported. 7,20 It has been reported that individuals with A 2 B phenotype are more prone to develop anti-A 1 as compared to A 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Prevalence of A2 and A2B Subgroups and Anti-A1 Antibody in Blood Donors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Saboor¹,

Zehra²,

Hamali³

et al. 2020

IJGM

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Purpose: A 2 and A 2 B are rare phenotypes of the ABO blood group system. Some individuals with A 2 and A 2 B may have anti-A 1 antibodies that may be clinically significant or insignificant. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of A 2 , A 2 B phenotypes and anti-A 1 antibodies in blood donors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. This study also evaluated the reactivity potential of anti-A 1 antibodies. Materials and Methods: Blood samples collected from 446 blood donors were typed for ABO (cell and serum grouping) and Rh D. Individuals with blood group A and AB were further subtyped by testing with anti-A 1 lectin. In addition to the serum grouping using A 1 red cells, A 2 and A 2 B individuals were screened for the presence of anti-A 1 in their sera against A 1 red cells at 4°C, 22°C and 37°C to determine the thermal amplitude of the reacting anti-A 1 antibody (if present). Results: Among A and AB, A 1 was the commonest phenotype (20.2%, n=90 out of 446) while A 1 B was found to be 1.8% (n=8) among AB phenotype. A 2 and A 2 B were found to be 2.2% (n=10) and 0.9% (n=4), respectively. Only one individual with A 2 B blood type showed cold reactive anti-A 1 antibody, the strength of which was 32. Conclusion: A 2 and A 2 B were the rarest among ABO phenotypes in the studied population. Although rare, anti-A 1 antibody is not so uncommon. Care shall be taken during routine ABO grouping especially in cases of mix-field or weak positive reactions in A and AB phenotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of A2 and A2B Subgroups and Anti-A1 Antibody in Blood Donors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Saboor¹,

Zehra²,

Hamali³

et al. 2020

IJGM

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“…Also, IgM antibodies in the eluate post-transfusion reacted with A 2 cells, which is unexpected in a true A 2 individual. The authors 1 convincingly demonstrated the hemolysis to be caused by anti-A, but do not prove the causative antibody to be anti-A 1 , on the basis of simple quantitative antibody reaction patterns with A 1 and A 2 cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…An anti-A 1 was recently reported as cause of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, 1 adding to the list of sporadic anti-A 1 of supposed clinical consequence. 1 The proof requires the experimental confirmation of the antibody’s exclusive specificity to the A 1 antigen, which remained difficult for many years, while the chemical basis for the A 1 and A 2 phenotypes had been controversial. The phenotypes have become more clearly identified with an A 2 individual being one whose red cells carry very few A type 4 antigens or lacks them completely.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent report 1 claiming hemolytic anti-A 1 in a patient with an A 2 phenotype was based on typing by the Dolichos biflorus lectin only – a modern routine serologic ABO reagent formulated to rapidly, but crudely, distinguish the A 1 and A 2 phenotypes solely by antigen levels. Also, IgM antibodies in the eluate post-transfusion reacted with A 2 cells, which is unexpected in a true A 2 individual.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Can anti‐A₁ cause hemolysis?

Flegel

Henry

2018

Transfusion

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A fluorometric erythrophagocytosis assay using differentiated monocytic THP‐1 cells to assess the clinical significance of antibodies to red blood cells

et al. 2021

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Background and Objectives The significance of antibodies to red blood cells (RBCs) is variable and cannot be predicted solely by serological testing. A flow cytometry‐based erythrophagocytosis assay was established using phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐treated THP‐1 cells and RBCs labelled with PKH26 to assess allo‐ and autoantibodies to RBCs. Materials and Methods THP‐1 cells were differentiated into macrophage‐like cells by treatment with PMA. RBC samples coated with alloantibodies or autoantibodies were obtained from 16 patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia of warm type (wAIHA) as well as from five pregnant women with warm autoantibodies. RBCs from healthy blood donors were used as controls. RBCs were labelled with the red lipophilic fluorescent dye PKH26 and incubated with PMA‐treated THP‐1 cells. After removal of nonadherent RBCs by washing and haemolysis of adherent RBCs, erythrophagocytosis was quantified by flow cytometry. Results We observed significant phagocytosis of RBCs coated with clinically relevant alloantibodies (i.e. anti‐D and anti‐K) or autoantibodies from patients with active wAIHA, but not of those coated with alloantibodies (anti‐Ch) or autoantibodies from patients and pregnant women without haemolysis. Conclusion The flow cytometry‐based erythrophagocytosis test described here is quantitative, highly reliable, and may be helpful for the assessment of the clinical significance of antibodies to RBCs.

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Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a warm reactive anti‐A₁

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

<p>Prevalence of A<sub>2</sub> and A<sub>2</sub>B Subgroups and Anti-A<sub>1</sub> Antibody in Blood Donors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia</p>

<p>Prevalence of A<sub>2</sub> and A<sub>2</sub>B Subgroups and Anti-A<sub>1</sub> Antibody in Blood Donors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia</p>

Can anti‐A₁ cause hemolysis?

A fluorometric erythrophagocytosis assay using differentiated monocytic THP‐1 cells to assess the clinical significance of antibodies to red blood cells

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Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a warm reactive anti‐A1

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

<p>Prevalence of A<sub>2</sub> and A<sub>2</sub>B Subgroups and Anti-A<sub>1</sub> Antibody in Blood Donors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia</p>

<p>Prevalence of A<sub>2</sub> and A<sub>2</sub>B Subgroups and Anti-A<sub>1</sub> Antibody in Blood Donors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia</p>

Can anti‐A1 cause hemolysis?

A fluorometric erythrophagocytosis assay using differentiated monocytic THP‐1 cells to assess the clinical significance of antibodies to red blood cells

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Product

Resources

About

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a warm reactive anti‐A₁

Can anti‐A₁ cause hemolysis?