Acute Inhalation Toxicity of the Smoke Produced By Five Halogenated Polymers

Kaplan, Harold L.; Grand, Arthur F.; Switzer, Walter G.; Gad, Shayne C.

doi:10.1177/073490418400200206

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The most common toxic gases in fire smoke are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Other gases may also be produced in toxicologically significant quantities, depending on the chemical structure of the burning material and the fire conditions [ 3 ]. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide as narcotic gases are principally implicated in the death of fire victims [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fire smoke on some biochemical parameters in firefighters of Saudi Arabia

Al-Malki

Rezq

Al-Saedy

2008

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology

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BackgroundFirefighters who are facing fires, are frequently exposed to hazardous materials including carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, benzene, sulphur dioxide, etc. This study aimed to evaluate some relevant serum biochemical and blood hematological changes in activity involved firefighters in comparison to normal subjects.Subjects and MethodsTwo groups of male firefighters volunteered to participate in the study. The first included 28 firefighters from Jeddah, while the second included 21 firefighters from Yanbu, with overall age ranged 20–48 years. An additional group of 23 male non-firefighters volunteered from both cities as normal control subjects, of age range 20–43 years. Blood samples were collected from all volunteer subjects and investigated for some relevant serum biochemical and blood hematological changes.ResultsThe results obtained showed that, there were statistically significant differences in liver function, kidney function, serum lipid profile, cortisol, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, iron and its biologically active derivatives, and blood picture in firefighters as compared with the normal control group. These results indicate that, fire smoke mainly affects serum biochemical and blood hematological parameters. Such results might point out to the need for more health protective and prophylactic measures to avoid such hazardous health effects that might endanger firefighters under their highly drastic working conditions.ConclusionBesides using of personal protective equipments for firefighters to protect them against exposure to toxic materials of fire smoke, it is recommended that, firefighters must be under continuous medical follow up through a standard timetabled medical laboratory investigations to allow for early detection of any serum biochemical or blood hematological changes that might happen during their active service life and to allow for early treatment whenever necessary.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fire smoke on some biochemical parameters in firefighters of Saudi Arabia

Al-Malki

Rezq

Al-Saedy

2008

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology

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“…Hydrogen chloride was monitored by two different procedures: (a) soda lime tubes (SLT) [8,20,22] and (b) syringes (SYR) [6,19]. In the SLT method, a stream of chamber atmosphere was drawn through a 1/8 in.…”

Section: Analysis Of Hcl In the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has consistently been found that an atmosphere of constant HCI concentration is difficult to generate, due to losses from the atmosphere (decay) [5][6][7][8]. For example, water vapor due to ambient humidity combines with HCI, thereby causing a decrease in the HCI concentration in the atmosphere [5,[9][10][11][12]; there is no similar effect on other gases such as carbon monoxide [13].…”

Section: Introduction It Is a Well-known Fact That A Large Proportionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Chloride Transport and Decay in a Large Apparatus I. Decomposition of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Wire Insulation in a Plenum by Current Overload

Beitel

Bertelo

Carroll

et al. 1986

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Large-scale combustion product evaluation experiments were carried out in a realistic room-plenum arrangement. A 30 ft. (9.14 m) length of electrical power wire with flexible PVC jacket and insulation was decomposed, in a plenum, by the action of an electrical overload. The combustion gases measured were HCl, CO, CO 2 and unburned hydrocarbons. The maximum concentration of HCl in the plenum was 3000 ppm (which represents roughly one third of the total chlorine in the wire). However, this amount decreased rapidly

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“…Hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and hydrogen bromide (HBr) gases can be generated as pyrolysis products from numerous halogenated materials, and they can be encountered in a variety of other industrial and nonindustrial settings (e.g., Mayer and Guelich, 1963;Kaleinfeld, 1965;Wohislagel et al, 1976;Rosenthal et al, 1978;Terrill et al, 1978;Turbini and Zado, 1980;Kaplan et al, 1984). Unfortunately, information about actual mass concentrations to which humans may be exposed to the above halides in various fire scenarios or otherwise has been limited by the fact that existing procedures for their direct analyses are relatively complex and time consuming, and automated instrumentation for determining their concentrations in exposure atmospheres have yet to be developed (Gad, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Pyrolysis Products of Halon 1301

Lehnert¹

1992

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This final report summarizes investigations conducted in the project entitled "Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Pyrolysis Products of Halon 1301". During the course of the studies, investigations were undertaken to address numerous objectives. Specific information provided in this report, accordingly, is formatted in the context of the objective(s) to whkh it pertains. Each Section is prefaced by a statement of the objective(s) it concerns, a brief summary of accomplishments and findings that are detailed in the section, and a citation ,f reports and publications that have emanated in total or in part from research perf.•rwed during the accomplishment of the objective(s). Each Section begins with its own Introduction, which is then followed by a Methods and Materials section, a Results section, and a Summary or Discussion section.

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Acute Inhalation Toxicity of the Smoke Produced By Five Halogenated Polymers

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of fire smoke on some biochemical parameters in firefighters of Saudi Arabia

Effect of fire smoke on some biochemical parameters in firefighters of Saudi Arabia

Hydrogen Chloride Transport and Decay in a Large Apparatus I. Decomposition of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Wire Insulation in a Plenum by Current Overload

The Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Pyrolysis Products of Halon 1301

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