“…AβOs have deleterious effects on neurons and synapses, causing synaptic dysfunction (Lacor et al, 2004; Shankar et al, 2008) and neural death (Alberdi et al, 2010; De Felice et al, 2007; Decker et al, 2010). Experimentally, AβO have been injected into the hippocampus in vivo to investigate the effect of AβO in hippocampal network oscillations, synaptic plasticity, and behavioral memory performance (Kalweit et al, 2015; Kim et al, 2014b; Nicole et al, 2016; Orban et al, 2010; Villette et al, 2010; Yi et al, 2018). In these studies, hippocampal theta oscillation, which is important in providing a clock mechanism for spike phase coding in spatial information processing (Dragoi and Buzsaki, 2006; Lisman and Jensen, 2013; O’Keefe and Recce, 1993) and support synaptic plasticity (Bikbaev and Manahan-Vaughan, 2008; Buzsaki, 2002; Huerta and Lisman, 1993; Nyhus and Curran, 2012; Tsanov and Manahan-Vaughan, 2009), was impaired in AD by showing decreased power compared to normal conditions.…”