Acute intraperitoneal rupture of hydatid cysts: a surgical experience with 14 cases

Abstract

IntroductionHydatidosis is endemic in the Mediterranean region including morrocco, the Middle and Far East, Australia, New Zealand, and South America—all areas where animal husbandry is common. Rupture into the abdominal cavity is a rare but serious complication of hydatid disease. The cysts may be ruptured after a trauma, or spontaneously as a result of increased intracystic pressure. Rupture of the hydatid cyst requires emergency surgical intervention.MethodsFourteen patients received surgical treatment for intraperitoneal rupture of the cysts over a period of 5 years. Age, gender, time to surgery from the onset of the symptoms, laboratory findings, diagnostic procedures, surgical treatment modalities, in-hospital stay, morbidity, mortality and recurrence were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsEight of the patients were men and six were women. All of the patients had signs of peritoneal irritation. One patient (7,14%) had a history of blunt abdominal trauma. Ultrasonography scans revealed intra-abdominal fluid in all cases, intraperitoneal multiple cysts in 11 cases and heterogeneous cavity or cystic structures in the liver in 12 cases. Computed tomography showed multiple cystic lesions in the liver and peritoneum with intra-abdominal free fluid. The ruptured cysts were located in the right lobe of the liver in seven patients, in the left lobe in six patients and in both lobes in one patients. Procedures to fill the cystic cavities were applied after removal of the intraperitoneal fluid. Partial pericystectomy and drainage was the most frequent surgical procedure. No patients died in the early postoperative period. A total of seven morbidities developed in six patients (35.3%). Median hospital stay was 08 days and median follow-up was 12 months. Intra-abdominal recurrence occurred in one case (7.7%).ConclusionsRupture of hydatid cysts into the peritoneal cavity, although rare, presents a challenge for surgeons. This pathology should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in endemic areas. The operative procedures, either radical or conservative, should be based on the patient’s condition, the regional characteristics, and the surgeon’s experience. The morbidity and mortality rates of surgical interventions for ruptured hydatid cysts are higher than the rates for elective uncomplicated cases.

Intra-Abdominal Hydatid Cyst: Sociodemographics, Clinical Profiles, and Outcomes of Patients Operated on at a Tertiary Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…Studies from Bahir Dar, Northern Ethiopia, and Addis Ababa showed HC to be more common in the third decade of life (21–30 years) with a mean age of 37 and 33.5 years, respectively [ 3 , 6 ]. Studies from Iran and Morocco found a mean age of 40 years and 39.5 years, respectively [ 10 , 16 ].…”

“…The study in Bahir Dar found 79.2% of the patients to have liver HC [ 3 ]. In the liver, the right lobe as the most common site affected was reported by studies from Addis Ababa, Tehran, and Morocco, which showed right lobe affected in 55.5%, 75%, and 50% of the patients, respectively [ 6 , 10 , 16 ]. Liver is the most commonly affected organ because it is the first organ which takes parasite infested portal venous system [ 2 ].…”

Intraperitoneal Rupture of a Giant Hydatid Cyst of Liver- Can Emergency Placement of Intraperitoneal Drain Improve Patient Optimisation!

“…After confirming the diagnosis of intraperitoneal rupture, medical treatment should be initiated with fluid resuscitation for stabilizing hemodynamic status and treating anaphylactic reactions with corticosteroids, antihistaminic, and vasopressor drugs. Emergency surgery remains the treatment of choice in Intra peritoneal rupture of Hydatid cyst [2][3][4][5]. Here we share our experience of a case of giant hydatid cyst of liver with spontaneous rupture and challenges faced in its management.…”

Common pitfalls in point-of-care ultrasound: a practical guide for emergency and critical care physicians

“…Peritoneal fluid recognition is recommended during the first evaluation of trauma patients [38] as well as in patients presenting with several abdominal complaints and shock [39, 40]. When the abdomen is evaluated in left coronal views, a full stomach appearing below the diaphragm may mimic a condition of peritoneal fluid (Fig.…”