Acute irritant threshold correlates with barrier function, skin hydration and contact hypersensitivity in atopic dermatitis and rosacea

Darlenski, Razvigor; Kazandjieva, Jana; Tsankov, Nikolaï; Fluhr, Joachim W.

doi:10.1111/exd.12251

Cited by 72 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In contrast, cytoplasmatic TLR2 and TLR4 expression in keratinocytes was reported (5). In inflammatory skin diseases, the disturbed physical skin barrier may influence the state of the immune barrier and vice versa (11)(12)(13). Skin infections occur more frequently in atopic dermatitis than in psoriasis.…”

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confidence: 99%

TLR2 and TLR4 expression in atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and psoriasis

Panzer

Blobel

Fölster‐Holst

et al. 2014

Experimental Dermatology

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The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 on keratinocytes in atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and psoriasis by PCR and by immunohistochemistry including confocal microscopy. Confocal microscopy revealed a granular intra-cellular expression pattern for TLR 2 and a homogenous intra-cellular expression pattern for TLR 4 in normal and diseased skin. TLR 2 was constitutively expressed in the suprabasal layers in normal skin, but limited to the basal epidermis in diseased skin. TLR 4 expression was concentrated to the basal layers in normal skin, whereas it was pronounced in upper layers in diseased skin. The shift in the TLR expression may be related to the disturbed skin barrier and a need for enhanced immune surveillance because of invading microbes. Also, there must be a balance between sufficient immune response and overstimulation.Abbreviation: TLR, Toll-like receptor.

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confidence: 99%

TLR2 and TLR4 expression in atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and psoriasis

Panzer

Blobel

Fölster‐Holst

et al. 2014

Experimental Dermatology

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“…), and SCH and TEWL alterations are associated with some skin disorders (16,17), the knowledge of their daily variation could be helpful for results interpretation. In humans, some circumstances may produce loss or attenuation of the circadian rhythms (elderly, jet-lag, shift work or light alterations), which could in turn influence sleep and skin functionality (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Insulin‐like growth factor‐1: roles in androgenetic alopecia

Panchaprateep

Asawanonda

2014

Experimental Dermatology

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individuals (11). TEWL has been found to be dependent on the skin surface temperature (12), and both rhythms are modified according to the environmental temperature. The circadian variations in these variables could be due to the rhythm of core body temperature and also to modifications in the degree of dilatation of subcutaneous vascular network. This agrees with the fact that the basal TEWL, in humans, reaches their highest levels around 3:00 h (13), corresponding to the peak in skin surface temperature. TEWL is useful to determine the state of the skin water barrier (14) and it correlates with percutaneous absorption (15). Thus, the knowledge of its circadian rhythm may be useful to deduce the moment of the day at which the barrier is less disrupted and determine the best time of day for testing topical drug delivery. Contrary to TEWL, SCH is a constituent property of the skin structure and thus is not easily modified by external factors such as temperature.Our results also indicate that skin variables depend on the integrity of the circadian pacemaker, because when animal became arrhythmic by exposure to constant light, TEWL and SCH were differently correlated with temperature, suggesting different regulations of both variables.As circadian rhythms may influence skin absorption or the manifestation of skin diseases (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, etc.), and SCH and TEWL alterations are associated with some skin disorders (16,17), the knowledge of their daily variation could be helpful for results interpretation. In humans, some circumstances may produce loss or attenuation of the circadian rhythms (elderly, jet-lag, shift work or light alterations), which could in turn influence sleep and skin functionality (18). Hairless rats could be a good model to study the skin functional rhythms in situations that generate disruption of circadian rhythms. AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Ministerio de Educaci on y ciencia (BFU2008-00199). The authors thank Dr. A.del Pozo for lending the measuring apparatus. All authors designed the experiment and performed the research. AF, ADN and TC analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. Conflict of interestsThe authors state no conflict of interests. Supporting InformationAdditional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article: Data S1. Detailed methods and materials. Figure S1. Actogram of a representative animal along the experimental conditions. Figure S2. Daily profiles of the variables in the experimental days. Abstract: Of all the cytokines or growth factors that have been postulated to play a role in hair follicle, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is known to be regulated by androgens. However, how IGF-1 is altered in the balding scalp has not yet been investigated. In this study, expressions of IGF-1 and its binding proteins by dermal papilla (DP) cells obtained from balding versus nonbalding hair follicles were quantified using growth factor array. DP cells from balding scalp follicles were found to secrete significantly l...

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“…We found that the dorsal skin of NC/Nga mice developed erythema, hemorrhage, hyperkeratosis, and showed reduced hydration in the epidermis and a significantly increased frequency of scratching when compared with the untreated Balb/c mice. An increase in skin hydration, which plays an important role in maintaining the water balance of the skin, can improve AD, while a disruption of the balance and increased dryness of skin can aggravate AD [24]. We also showed that NC/Nga mice showed significant increases in spleen and liver weights when compared with the untreated Balb/c mice (p < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Effect of Canavalia gladiata Extract Fermented with Aspergillus oryzae on the Development of Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice

Kim

Chang²,

Nam³

et al. 2015

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Canavalia gladiata has been used as a Chinese traditional folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the use of C. gladiata is limited because it contains antinutritional and allergy-causing proteins. We fermented C. gladiata with Aspergillus oryzae and investigated the effects of fermented C. gladiata (FCG) on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice. The mice were divided into five groups: untreated Balb/c mice; AD control (NC/Nga mice); FCGH (NC/Nga mice fed a dietary supplement of 300 mg/kg fermented C. gladiata water extract); FCG30 (NC/Nga mice fed a dietary supplement of 300 mg/kg of fermented C. gladiata 30% ethanol extract), and FCG80 (NC/Nga mice fed a dietary supplement of 300 mg/kg of fermented C. gladiata 80% ethanol extract). We found increases in the nonessential amino acids and essential amino acid in the FCG compared with the non-FCG. FCG attenuated macroscopic and histopathological changes in dorsal skin of mice when compared with the AD control group. The FCG30 and FCG80 groups, in particular, showed significant decreases in scratching episodes when compared with the AD control group. FCG improved immune responses, including increases in IgE and histamine for AD, through attenuation of Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We suggest that FCG may have benefits for improvement of AD function by improving the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines and by producing anti-inflammatory effects.

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Acute irritant threshold correlates with barrier function, skin hydration and contact hypersensitivity in atopic dermatitis and rosacea

Cited by 72 publications

References 12 publications

TLR2 and TLR4 expression in atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and psoriasis

TLR2 and TLR4 expression in atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and psoriasis

Insulin‐like growth factor‐1: roles in androgenetic alopecia

Effect of <b><i>Canavalia gladiata</i></b> Extract Fermented with <b><i>Aspergillus oryzae</i></b> on the Development of Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice

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