Acute Kidney Injury Related to Intoxication From Synthetic Cannabis: Don’t You Know That You’re Toxic?

Curtis, Brett; Mahat, Bishow Chandra; Macklin, Michael; Mihalo, Jennifer R.; Dakroub, Allie

doi:10.7759/cureus.23427

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Chest pain, elevated troponin levels, electrocardiographic changes consistent with myocardial infarction have also been reported [ 15 ]. Renal manifestations are uncommon, and AKI has rarely been reported with SCB usage [ 1 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 16 , 17 ], including in those without a prior history of renal disease [ 9 ]. In one multi-center, hospital-based registry of patients with isolated SCB intoxication, AKI was reported in 4% among 277 cases, and 6% had rhabdomyolysis [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Renal manifestations are either unknown or not commonly reported. Acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to usage of SCB is a relatively newly described entity and has been reported in adults [ 1 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Srisung et al [ 11 ] described 3 adults who sustained AKI in the setting of SCB usage, with 1 patient requiring hemodialysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic cannabinoid-associated acute interstitial nephritis: An emerging cause of pediatric acute kidney injury?

Acharya¹,

Zeng²,

Upadhyay³

2023

CNCS

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Synthetic cannabinoid (SCB) usage among children is a rapidly emerging public health concern in the United States. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an uncommon manifestation of SCB usage, with acute tubular necrosis (ATN) as the predominant histology. Here we describe a 16-year-old adolescent who sustained severe non-oliguric AKI in association with SCB usage. Emesis, right flank pain, and hypertension were the presenting clinical features. There was no uveitis, skin rash, joint pains, or eosinophilia. Urinalysis showed absence of proteinuria or hematuria. Urine toxicology was negative. Renal sonogram showed bilateral echogenic kidneys. Renal biopsy demonstrated severe acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), mild tubulitis, and absence of ATN. AIN responded with pulse steroid followed by oral steroid. Renal replacement therapy was not required. Although the exact pathophysiology of SCB-associated AIN is not known, immune response elicited by the renal tubulointerstitial cells against the antigens present in the SCB is the most likely mechanism. A high index of suspicion for SCB-induced AKI is necessary in adolescents who present with AKI of unclear etiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic cannabinoid-associated acute interstitial nephritis: An emerging cause of pediatric acute kidney injury?

Acharya¹,

Zeng²,

Upadhyay³

2023

CNCS

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“…Several studies suggested synthetic CB use may be linked to the development of AKI and other non-cancerous urogenital illnesses. 22- 24 Bhanushali et al 22 presented a case series of four young men who were reported to have taken synthetic CBs known as SPICE or K2 over a few weeks with unspecified frequency before admission to the hospital. The researchers found that three patients developed ATN while the fourth patient had pre-renal AKI.…”

Section: Non-cancerous Urogenital Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Use and Its Multifaceted Impact on the Genitourinary System: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Bandara,

Lalkiya,

Vethanayagam

et al. 2024

J Explor Res Pharmacol

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Background and objectives: Cannabis is a commonly used recreational and therapeutic substance in our society. There are a variety of established physical, social, and mental health impacts associated with cannabis use. However, there is no overview of the impact cannabis use has on the genitourinary system. Thus, this scoping review aims to present data on the impact of cannabis on the genitourinary system. Methods: A scoping review search was undertaken on Embase, Medline, and Web of Science. There were no date restrictions applied. Studies that included data from humans, exposure to cannabis, and outcomes related to the genitourinary system were included. Opinion pieces, commentaries, perspectives, and studies not available in English were excluded.Results: A total of 50 articles met this review's inclusion criteria. The various studies were thematically organized into four themes: adverse outcomes related to cancer (n = 4), non-cancerous urogenital illness (n = 31), kidney transplant (n = 4), and therapeutic use of cannabis (n = 11). There were several non-cancerous urogenital illnesses associated with cannabis use, including acute kidney injury, urinary retention, rhabdomyolysis, and renal infarcts. The data found in this review suggest that cannabis use may not be a contraindication to receiving a kidney transplant. Finally, several studies highlighted some of the therapeutic applications cannabis may have on the genitourinary system.Conclusions: This review brings forward conflicting findings on the association between cannabis use and genitourinary malignancies. Moving forward, data from well-designed long-term research studies are needed to understand the impact cannabis

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“…Pathophysiology. The exact mechanism of nephrotoxicity of synthetic cannabinoids is not exactly known, but several reports have documented [78] 1. Calcium oxalate crystal deposition in kidney biopsy samples as synthetic cannabinoids is ingested with plants which may have oxalogenic potential.…”

Section: Spice/synthetic Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact mechanism of nephrotoxicity of synthetic cannabinoids is not exactly known, but several reports have documented [78]…”

Section: Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal manifestations of recreational drugs: A narrative review of the literature

Kannan

2022

Medicine

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Drug abuse has become a major problem of the modern world where drug-induced kidney injury can be caused by both prescribed drugs for clinical conditions and illegal (illicit) drugs or drugs of abuse. Heroin, cocaine, nicotine and alcohol are the most commonly abused drugs but with the emergence of various synthetic drugs, numerous novel descriptions of their nephrotoxic effects have been described. This review summarizes the key renal manifestations of recreational drugs as reported in case reports and case. A comprehensive review of published case reports and case series in English language of renal toxicity related to recreational drugs/drugs of abuse was conducted using search engines like PubMed/Medline. Publications which reported renal injury with raised creatinine levels, clinically symptomatic patients, those with oliguria and with renal biopsies are chosen. The medical literature on recreational drugs is full of claims of renal complications including different glomerular diseases, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, interstitial nephritis, and debilitating irreversible conditions like renal infarction and end stage renal disease, even though the pathogenesis of drug- related renal manifestations are not available for all the newer agents. The outcome of this review paper will help multidisciplinary physicians to understand the renal side effects of recreational drugs, their pathophysiology, and most importantly, the clinical presentations of renal dysfunction in relation each drug. Emphasizing these adverse effects will prevent future unfavorable outcomes.

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Acute Kidney Injury Related to Intoxication From Synthetic Cannabis: Don’t You Know That You’re Toxic?

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Synthetic cannabinoid-associated acute interstitial nephritis: An emerging cause of pediatric acute kidney injury?

Synthetic cannabinoid-associated acute interstitial nephritis: An emerging cause of pediatric acute kidney injury?

Cannabis Use and Its Multifaceted Impact on the Genitourinary System: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Renal manifestations of recreational drugs: A narrative review of the literature

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