Acute Liver Failure

Toma, Diana; Lazar, Ovidiu; Bontaș, Ecaterina

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24432-3_32

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Acute liver failure refers to the development of severe acute liver injury with encephalopathy and impaired synthetic function (INR of ≥ 1.5) in a patient without cirrhosis or preexisting liver disease [ 4 ]. Acute liver failure is a rare and severe consequence of abrupt hepatocyte injury and can evolve over days or weeks to a lethal outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common causes of acute liver failure were acetaminophen overdose (46%), indeterminate (14%), idiosyncratic drug reactions (12%), hepatitis B virus (7%), and hepatitis A virus (3%) [ 5 ]. The absence of existing liver disease distinguishes acute liver failure from decompensated cirrhosis or acute-on-chronic liver failure [ 4 ]. Acute liver failure has been studied widely in randomized controlled trials because of its rarity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voriconazole-Induced Acute Liver Injury: A Case Report

Pata¹,

Dolkar²,

Patel³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States. Clinical presentation of drug-induced liver injury may vary from asymptomatic or subtle symptoms to encephalopathy with serious morbidity. Early discontinuation of the offending agent is important to prevent clinical deterioration. Occasionally, despite discontinuation, there may be worsening of liver failure with grim prognosis as we present in this case report. Here, we report a case of a 61-year-old lady with a past medical history of sarcoidosis, stage IV and severe pulmonary hypertension initially admitted for the management of COVID pneumonia. Her hospitalization was complicated by fungemia with Aspergillus for which voriconazole was initiated, and two weeks into the course, acute liver injury diagnosed was most probably related to voriconazole. Despite discontinuation, her condition deteriorated, eventually culminating in mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voriconazole-Induced Acute Liver Injury: A Case Report

Pata¹,

Dolkar²,

Patel³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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“…There are many causes of ALF that include hepatitis, acetaminophen overdose, toxins, autoimmune diseases, Wilson's disease, and unknown factors. Herbal supplements cannot be free from triggers of ALF [2]. Since there are few effective treatments for ALF other than liver transplantation, studies to find strategies for the treatment and prevention of ALF using experimental animal models are continuously being performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oyster-Derived Tyr-Ala (YA) Peptide Prevents Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Failure by Suppressing Inflammatory, Apoptotic, Ferroptotic, and Pyroptotic Signals

et al. 2021

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Models created by the intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN) have been widely used to study the pathogenesis of human acute liver failure (ALF) and drug development. Our previous study reported that oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hydrolysate (OH) had a hepatoprotective effect in LPS/D-GalN-injected mice. This study was performed to identify the hepatoprotective effect of the tyrosine-alanine (YA) peptide, the main component of OH, in a LPS/D-GalN-injected ALF mice model. We analyzed the effect of YA on previously known mechanisms of hepatocellular injury in the model. LPS/D-GalN-injected mice showed inflammatory, apoptotic, ferroptotic, and pyroptotic liver injury. The pre-administration of YA (10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) significantly reduced the liver damage factors. The hepatoprotective effect of YA was higher in the 50 mg/kg YA pre-administered group than in the 10 mg/kg YA pre-administered group. These results showed that YA had a hepatoprotective effect by reducing inflammation, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis in the LPS/D-GalN-injected ALF mouse model. We suggest that YA can be used as a functional peptide for the prevention of acute liver injury.

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“…Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) due to medications and herbal and dietary supplements (HDSs) is the leading cause of severe acute liver injury in the United States and Western Europe. ( 1,2 ) Among medications, acetaminophen (APAP) is by far the most common cause of severe acute liver injury, whereas no single HDS product stands out in the same way. HDSs include a large spectrum of agents used for a variety of medicinal and nutritional purposes including weight loss, bodybuilding, anxiety and depression, cardiovascular health, and pain management among others.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Injury in Asians Is More Likely Due to Herbal and Dietary Supplements

et al. 2021

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Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) due to medications and herbal and dietary supplements (HDSs) is a major cause of acute liver injury leading to liver transplantation (LT). This study used United Network for Organ Sharing LT data to analyze severe HDS‐induced acute liver injury in the United States. By convention, patients with acute DILI are listed as “Acute Hepatic Necrosis” (AHN) under the subheading “AHN: Drug Other Specify.” All patients waitlisted from 1994 to 2020 were divided into 3 subgroups: “HDS DILI,” “Non‐HDS DILI,” and “AHN: unknown drug.” Analyses were performed to identify epidemiologic differences between patients with HDS DILI and non‐HDS DILI. A subanalysis was performed for transplanted patients, including longitudinal changes. Of 1875 patients waitlisted for LT, 736 (39.2%) underwent LT. The proportion of Asian patients in the HDS DILI group was significantly higher compared with that in the non‐HDS DILI group (17.4% versus 3.8%; P < 0.001). Excluding acetaminophen cases, the proportion of Black patients in the HDS DILI versus non‐HDS group was significantly lower (8.7% versus 25.3%; P < 0.001). Waitlisted patients with HDS DILI were significantly older (median age, 38 years for HDS DILI versus 31 years for non‐HDS DILI; P = 0.03). Lastly, the number of patients requiring LT due to HDS DILI increased significantly over time with more than 70% of cases occurring in the last 10 years (2010‐2020) compared with the prior 15 years (1994‐2009; Ptrend = 0.001). Ethnicity may help in identifying the cause of severe acute DILI, a growing problem as more patients experiment with HDS.

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Acute Liver Failure

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Voriconazole-Induced Acute Liver Injury: A Case Report

Voriconazole-Induced Acute Liver Injury: A Case Report

Oyster-Derived Tyr-Ala (YA) Peptide Prevents Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Failure by Suppressing Inflammatory, Apoptotic, Ferroptotic, and Pyroptotic Signals

Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Injury in Asians Is More Likely Due to Herbal and Dietary Supplements

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