Acute morphine dependence: Effects observed in shock and light discrimination tasks

Grilly, David M.; Gowans, Gordon C.

doi:10.1007/bf00178515

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The presence of hyperalgesia with ongoing opioid use has resulted in reexamination of the previously described phenomenon of opioid analgesic tolerance. Both hyperalgesia and opioid tolerance involve neuroplastic changes associated with excitatory amino acid (N-methyl-Daspartate) and opioid receptors (64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70). The hyperalgesic processes precipitated by opioid administration serve to counteract opioid analgesia (56,71-73); thus, it is possible that what seems to be opioid analgesic tolerance may in fact be an expression of an opioid-induced increased sensitivity to pain.…”

Section: Misconception 1: the Maintenance Opioid Agonist (Methadone Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Pain Management for Patients Receiving Maintenance Methadone or Buprenorphine Therapy

2006

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More patients with opioid addiction are receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT) with methadone and buprenorphine. As a result, physicians will more frequently encounter patients receiving OAT who develop acutely painful conditions, requiring effective treatment strategies. Undertreatment of acute pain is suboptimal medical treatment, and patients receiving long-term OAT are at particular risk. This paper acknowledges the complex interplay among addictive disease, OAT, and acute pain management and describes 4 common misconceptions resulting in suboptimal treatment of acute pain. Clinical recommendations for providing analgesia for patients with acute pain who are receiving OAT are presented. Although challenging, acute pain in patients receiving this type of therapy can effectively be managed.

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Section: Misconception 1: the Maintenance Opioid Agonist (Methadone Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Pain Management for Patients Receiving Maintenance Methadone or Buprenorphine Therapy

2006

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“…Although it is generally thought that the withdrawal syndrome requires chronic opiate exposure, it has been observed after a single administration in both animals ( Wikler & Carter 1953;Schulteis et al . 1997 ) and humans ( Jones 1980), and is referred to as ‘acute dependence’ ( Martin & Eades 1964;Grilly & Gowans 1986;Bickel et al . 1988 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐lasting increased pain sensitivity in rat following exposure to heroin for the first time

Laulin

Larcher

Célèrier

et al. 1998

Eur J of Neuroscience

150

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Acute dependence, defined as a precipitation of somatic signs by an antagonist, may occur after a single administration of an opiate drug. Because hyperalgesia is a consistent sign of the withdrawal syndrome, we tested the effectiveness of heroin, an opiate used by addicts, to induce pain facilitation even after a first exposure to the drug. In opiate-naive rats, subcutaneous injection of heroin induced analgesia followed by allodynia, a decrease in pain threshold. This latter phenomenon was observed in the absence of noxious stimuli and lasted several days. An N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801 prevented such long-lasting allodynia. These results suggest that allodynia is an early sign reflecting neural plasticity associated with the development of dependence.

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“…Since then a modest number of papers have described hyperalgesia in animal models of opioid withdrawal. In rats, hyperalgesia occurs during both precipitated as well as spontaneous morphine withdrawal and is observed with multiple pain assays: hotplate, tail flick, and shock discrimination (Devillers et al, 1995; Dunbar and Pulai 1998; Grilly and Gowans 1986; Jin et al, 2012; Li et al, 2001; Tilson et al, 1973). Hyperalgesia in rats also occurs during withdrawal from fentanyl (Laulin et al, 2002) and heroin (Devillers et al, 1995; Laulin et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal sensitivity as a measure of spontaneous morphine withdrawal in mice

Balter

Dykstra

2013

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods

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Introduction Opioid withdrawal syndrome is a critical component of opioid abuse and consists of a wide array of symptoms including increases in pain sensitivity (hyperalgesia). A reliable preclinical model of hyperalgesia during opioid withdrawal is needed to evaluate possible interventions to alleviate withdrawal. The following study describes a method for assessing increases in thermal sensitivity on the hotplate in a mouse model of spontaneous morphine withdrawal. Methods C57BL/6J mice received 5.5 days of 30, 56, or 100 mg/kg morphine or saline (s.c., twice daily). In Experiment I, thermal sensitivity data were collected at baseline and at 8, 24, 32, 48 hrs and 1 week following the final injection. Thermal sensitivity was assessed by examining latency to respond on a hotplate across a range of temperatures (50, 52, 54, and 56°C). In Experiment II, 0.01 mg/kg buprenorphine was administered 30 min prior to each testing session during the withdrawal period. In Experiment III, jumping during a 30 min period was assessed at baseline and at 0, 8, 24, 32, and 48 hrs following the final morphine injection. Results During the withdrawal period, thermal sensitivity increased significantly in all morphine-treated mice as compared to saline-treated mice. Thermal sensitivity was greater in mice treated with 56 mg/kg morphine compared to 30 mg/kg and peaked earlier than in mice treated with 100 mg/kg (32 hrs v 1 wk). The increase in thermal sensitivity following 56 mg/kg morphine was attenuated by a dose of buprenorphine that did not produce antinociception alone (i.e., 0.01 mg/kg). In general, the results of the jumping experiment paralleled those obtained in Experiment I. Discussion Response latency on the hotplate is a reliable and sensitive measure of spontaneous morphine withdrawal in mice, making it an ideal behavior for assessing the potential of medications and environmental interventions to alleviate opioid withdrawal.

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Acute morphine dependence: Effects observed in shock and light discrimination tasks

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Acute Pain Management for Patients Receiving Maintenance Methadone or Buprenorphine Therapy

Acute Pain Management for Patients Receiving Maintenance Methadone or Buprenorphine Therapy

Long‐lasting increased pain sensitivity in rat following exposure to heroin for the first time

Thermal sensitivity as a measure of spontaneous morphine withdrawal in mice

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