Acute myocardial infarction in a hospital cohort of malaria

Jain, Karun; Chakrapani, M

doi:10.4103/0974-777x.59258

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A total of 156 studies were assessed in full text, of which 43 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The studies were divided in two major categories, the first involving 17 clinical studies [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and the second 26 case reports and series of cases (Figure 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Complications in Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gomes

Marinho

Silvestre

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Recent studies have suggested that malaria may affect the cardiovascular system. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular complications in symptomatic malaria patients. We searched databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science (January 1950–April 2020) for studies reporting on cardiovascular complications in adults and children with malaria. Cardiovascular complications were defined as abnormalities in electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiography on admission or during outpatient examination. Studies of patients with known heart disease or cardiovascular evaluation performed after the start of intravenous antimalarial medication were excluded. The study was registered in PROSPERO (No.: CRD42020167672). The literature search yielded 1,243 studies, and a total of 43 studies with symptomatic malaria patients were included. Clinical studies (n = 12 adults; n = 5 children) comprised 3,117 patients, of which a majority had Plasmodium falciparum (n = 15) and were diagnosed with severe malaria (n = 13). In random-effects models of adults, the pooled prevalence estimate for any cardiovascular complication was 7% (95% CI: 5–9). No meta-analysis was conducted in children, but the range of abnormal ECG was 0–8%, cardiac biomarkers 0–57%, and echocardiography 4–9%. We analyzed 33 cases (n = 10 postmortem), in which the most common cardiovascular pathologies were myocarditis and acute coronary syndrome. All histopathological studies found evidence of parasitized red blood cells in the myocardium. Cardiovascular complications are not uncommon in symptomatic adults and children with malaria. Additional studies investigating malaria and cardiovascular disease are encouraged.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Complications in Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gomes

Marinho

Silvestre

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…MI is also noted in association with infections with both bacterial and viral etiologies such as rhinosinusitis and exudative pharyngitis [21,22]. It is also reported in association with influenza and malaria [23,24]. Vaccination for influenza appears to decrease the risk of MI [23].…”

Section: Review the Association Of Infection With Myocardial Infarctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of MI in hospitalized malaria patients (n = 1,531) was 1.43% compared to 0.82% in all non-malarial patients (n = 37,368) in one study [24]. Before the development of compensatory anemia, blood viscosity is increased in malaria due to hyperfibrinogenemia, increased erythrocyte aggregation, and decreased erythrocyte deformability [29,30].…”

Section: Review the Association Of Infection With Myocardial Infarctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Blood Viscosity in Infectious Diseases

Sloop¹,

Mast²,

Pop³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Blood viscosity is increased by elevated concentrations of acute phase reactants and hypergammaglobulinemia in inflammation. These increase blood viscosity by increasing plasma viscosity and fostering erythrocyte aggregation. Blood viscosity is also increased by decreased erythrocyte deformability, as occurs in malaria. Increased blood viscosity contributes to the association of acute infections with myocardial infarction (MI), venous thrombosis, and venous thromboembolism. It also increases vascular resistance, which decreases tissue perfusion and activates stretch receptors in the left ventricle, thereby initiating the systemic vascular resistance response. This compensates for the increased vascular resistance by vasodilation, lowering hematocrit, and decreasing intravascular volume. This physiological response causes the anemias associated with malaria, chronic inflammation, and other chronic diseases. Since tissue perfusion is inversely proportional to blood viscosity, anemia may be beneficial as it increases tissue perfusion when erythrocyte aggregating factors or erythrocytes with decreased deformability are present in the blood.

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“…20,24 It has even been argued that the myocardial capillary system might be a favoured site for parasitic sequestration. 25 In line with this, studies of hospitalized malaria patients have reported higher rates of MI 26 and elevated levels of cardiac biomarkers 27,28 compared with controls. In contrast to these findings, we found no significant association with MI at follow-up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Heart failure associated with imported malaria: a nationwide Danish cohort study

et al. 2021

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Aims Despite adequate treatment, recent studies have hypothesized that malaria may affect long-term cardiovascular function. We aimed to investigate the long-term risk of cardiovascular events and death in individuals with a history of imported malaria in Denmark. Methods Using nationwide Danish registries, we followed individuals with a history of malaria for the risk of incident heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiovascular death and all-cause death (1 January 1994 to 1 January 2017). The population was age-and sex-matched with individuals without a history of malaria from the Danish population (ratio 1:9). We excluded patients with known HF and ischaemic heart disease at inclusion. Results We identified 3912 cases with a history of malaria (mean age 33 ± 17 years, 57% male, 41% Plasmodium falciparum infections). The median follow-up was 9.8 years (interquartile range 3.9-16.4 years). Event rates per 1000 person-years for individuals with a history vs.

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Acute myocardial infarction in a hospital cohort of malaria

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Complications in Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Complications in Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Role of Blood Viscosity in Infectious Diseases

Heart failure associated with imported malaria: a nationwide Danish cohort study

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