Acute oral sodium propionate supplementation raises resting energy expenditure and lipid oxidation in fasted humans

Chambers, Edward S.; Byrne, Claire; Aspey, Karen; Chen, Yanjie; Khan, Saadiyah; Morrison, Douglas J.; Frost, Gary

doi:10.1111/dom.13159

Cited by 93 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Canfora et al showed that colonic administration of SCFA mixtures (comprising acetate, propionate, and butyrate) increased fasting lipid oxidation and resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight and obese subjects [48]. Further in vivo data from human cohorts has corroborated the finding that SCFAs raise whole-body REE and lipid oxidation [49], and shown these changes to be independent of fasting glucose and insulin levels [50]. Although mechanistic studies of these SCFA-induced effects are lacking in humans, current work suggests they provide significant improvements to oxidative metabolism that may translate into long-term benefits in weight control.…”

Section: The Microbiome In Energy Harvest and Expenditurementioning

confidence: 96%

Microbial Medicine: Prebiotic and Probiotic Functional Foods to Target Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Green

Arora

Prakash

2020

IJMS

193

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Obesity has become a global epidemic and a public health crisis in the Western World, experiencing a threefold increase in prevalence since 1975. High-caloric diets and sedentary lifestyles have been identified as significant contributors to this widespread issue, although the role of genetic, social, and environmental factors in obesity’s pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. In recent years, much attention has been drawn to the contribution of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity. Indeed, research has shown that in contrast to their healthier counterparts the microbiomes of obese individuals are structurally and functionally distinct, strongly suggesting microbiome as a potential target for obesity therapeutics. In particular, pre and probiotics have emerged as effective and integrative means of modulating the microbiome, in order to reverse the microbial dysbiosis associated with an obese phenotype. The following review brings forth animal and human research supporting the myriad of mechanisms by which the microbiome affects obesity, as well as the strengths and limitations of probiotic or prebiotic supplementation for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Finally, we set forth a roadmap for the comprehensive development of functional food solutions in combatting obesity, to capitalize on the potential of pre/probiotic therapies in optimizing host health.

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Section: The Microbiome In Energy Harvest and Expenditurementioning

confidence: 96%

Microbial Medicine: Prebiotic and Probiotic Functional Foods to Target Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Green

Arora

Prakash

2020

IJMS

193

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In humans, the distinct relation between SCFAs and the browning processes is less consistent. While some studies have highlighted beneficial effects of SCFA administration in terms of resting energy expenditure, fat oxidation or whole-body lipolysis, others have suggested that the beneficial effects depended on the basal fitness of individuals; some have even reported positive correlations between colonic SCFA levels and adiposity [111][112][113][114][115] . These conflicting results have yielded some potential deleterious effect of SCFAs.…”

Section: Shortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial regulation of organismal energy homeostasis

et al. 2019

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Facts and figures on the gut microbiota The term microbiota refers to all the microorganisms present in the various ecosystems in the human body. Diverse communities of microorganisms are located throughout the human body, including the gut, lungs, vaginal and urinary tracts and skin. The microbiota is composed of several types of microbes: bacteria, archaea, viruses, phages, yeast and fungi 1. Humans have constantly coevolved in the presence of these microorganisms, thereby establishing symbiotic relationships. Several lines of evidence suggest that in addition to bacteria, other types of microbes, such as fungi, protozoa and viruses, also have important interactions with the human in which they reside, referred to as the host in this review 2,3. Nevertheless, interactions between bacteria and human cells have been studied the most and will be the focus of this review. The human body carries approximately 3.9 × 10 13 bacterial cells, with the largest amount residing in the large intestine: 10 11 bacteria cells g-1 of wet stool 4. At the most recent estimation, almost 10 million non-redundant microbial genes have been identified in the human gut 5. This number is 150-fold higher than the number of genes in the human genome 6. Therefore, the metabolic capacity of the gut microbiota greatly exceeds the metabolic capacity of human cells. The theory of energy harvest Pioneering studies linking SCFAs and energy harvest. The complex and dynamic ecosystem of the gut microbiota contributes to the metabolism of various compounds, thereby leading to the production of numerous metabolites. In the early 2000s, pioneering studies from Gordon and colleagues 11 linked the production of specific metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to host energy homeostasis (Table 1). Bäckhed et al. 12 demonstrated the role of the gut microbiota in host energy metabolism and growth by showing that germ-free mice gained less body weight and fat mass than conventionalised mice (that is, those harbouring a gut microbiota). This difference was observed despite increased food intake in germ-free mice. The same group of researchers found that the microbiota of genetic obese mice (ob/ob) harvests more energy than their lean ob/+ counterparts. In addition, this phenotype was transferred in germ-free mice transplanted with the microbiota from the obese donors 11. Initially, the hypothesis was that this shift provided more SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate and lactate) that could be used as metabolic substrates by the host (Fig. 1). In addition, it was suggested that the gut microbiota contributed to energy metabolism through a direct interaction with the digestive tract. Indeed, the germ-free mice exhibit a lower level of caecal SCFAs than

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“…A number of research groups have therefore investigated the impact of administering SCFAs on weight gain to determine if the effects of a high-fibre diet can be replicated. Many of these studies have reported that administration of SCFAs promote improvements to long-term body weight by enhancing whole-body energy expenditure (Gao et al 2009, Hattori et al 2010, den Besten et al 2015, Canfora et al 2017, Chambers et al 2018. For energy expenditure to increase these would need to be a corresponding elevation in substrate oxidation; principally an increased contribution of lipid and/or carbohydrate oxidation to 'fuel' the enhanced energy demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation by short-chain fatty acids

Sukkar

Lett

Frost

et al. 2019

Journal of Endocrinology

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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites produced from the fermentation of dietary fibre by the gut microbiota. High-fibre diets have been associated with lower weight gain and a number of reports have therefore investigated if these positive effects of a dietary fibre on body weight can be replicated through the direct administration of SCFAs. Many of these studies have reported that SCFAs can prevent or attenuate long-term body weight gain by increasing energy expenditure through increased lipid oxidation. The aim of the present review is to therefore evaluate the current evidence for an effect of SCFAs on whole-body energy expenditure and to assess the potential underlying mechanisms. The available data highlights that SCFAs can exert multiple effects at various organ and tissue sites that would cumulatively raise energy expenditure via a promotion of lipid oxidation. In conclusion, the present review proposes that dietary interventions and other therapies that augment gut-derived SCFAs and systemic availability may present an effective strategy to improve long-term energy balance and body weight management.

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Acute oral sodium propionate supplementation raises resting energy expenditure and lipid oxidation in fasted humans

Cited by 93 publications

References 20 publications

Microbial Medicine: Prebiotic and Probiotic Functional Foods to Target Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Microbial Medicine: Prebiotic and Probiotic Functional Foods to Target Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Microbial regulation of organismal energy homeostasis

Regulation of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation by short-chain fatty acids

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