ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN RESPONSES IN MICE INFECTED WITH RIVER WATER CONTAMINATED BY <i>PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA</i> TYPE B: 2

Abstract

Animals are predisposed to infections through varieties of ways which activate the innate immune systems at the initial phase of acute infections. Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) is a devastating septicemic disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by a particular serotypes of Pasteurella multocida and serotype B: 2 is the most important cause of the disease in Asia. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate on acute phase protein responses in mice infected with river water contaminated by Pasteurella multocida type B: 2. Five infected mice were placed in each tank containing river water for 24, 48 and 72 h. The groups comprise of five mice each made up of the control, intraperitoneal, oral and the aerosol routes. There were increased concentrations of Haptoglobin (Hp) in the mice inoculated with infected river water kept for 24 h intraperitoneally (p<0.0454) relative to the control, oral and the aerosol routes. There was significant increased concentration of Serum Amyloid A (SAA) in the mice that were inoculated with infected river water kept for 72 h intraperitoneally (p<0.0020) compared to control, orally and the aerosol routes. The intraperitoneal route though most effective in response but practically not feasible for vaccine administration in larger animals and the oral routes was inadequate in eliciting acute phase response in the present study of mice model. Therefore, the aerosol routes could perhaps be a readily available route for effective vaccine administration and heightened immunity in animals considering the progressive responses of APPs through this route.

Alterations in Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-6 in Mice Inoculated Through the Oral Routes Using Graded Doses of <i>p. Multocida</i> Type b: 2 and its Lipopolysaccharide

“…In this study it seems that all the treatment groups of mice which were inoculated orally with Pasteurella multocida and its LPS have the same spectrum of activity in the production of acute infection of HS with significant increase in the concentration of inflammation cytokine (IL-1β and IL-6) in the serum. This result agree with other researchers findings in the previous studies, Khaleel et al (2013) showed in his study in which he challenge BALB/c mice intraperitoneally with as few as 20 cfu of P. multocida to produce an overwhelming septicaemia in mice within 30 h of post-inoculation. In the same manner (Jesse et al, 2013b) produce clinico-pathological responses in calves inoculated with Pasteurella multocida and its LPS via the intramuscular and intravenous routes.…”

“…The current understandings on bacterial interaction with the host suggest that P. multocida establishes a complex interaction in host tissues and utilizes available niches effectively to grow rapidly and cause diseases at favourable circumstances (Khaleel et al, 2013). The mechanisms of acute disease pathogenesis and role of bacterial, LPS or host factors that induce pathology and the nature of the immune response to Pasteurella multocida are poorly understood.…”

“…There are several disease models of infection with P. multocida using mice and show the suitability of mice to study the pathogenesis of P. multocida to produce HS with same symptoms and lesion in cattle and water buffalo (Affandi et al, 2012;Jamal et al, 2013;Faez et al, 2013). In pure chemical form endotoxin is a Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which has widely variable composition (or chemotype) and exerts a wide range of often opposing influences on host pathogen interactions (Khaleel et al, 2013;Kharb et al, 2013). The key virulence factors identified in Pasteurella multocida type B: 2 include capsule, lipopolysaccharides, surface adhesions, ironregulated and iron acquisition proteins (Affandi et al, 2012;Kharb et al, 2013).…”

“…The organism is the etiological agent of Haemorrhagic septicaemia in cattle and water buffalo and it is predominant in South and South East Asia and to most parts of tropical Africa (Abubakar and Zamri-Saad, 2011;Kharb and Charan, 2013;Khaleel et al, 2013;Abdullah et al, 2013a;Jesse et al, 2013a;. HS is a peracute disease and is considered to be one of the most economically important diseases in Asia particularly in South and South East Asia leading to huge economic loss in livestock industry (Jesse et al, 2013a).…”

“…Cattle and buffalo are the usual host of HS (Jesse et al, 2013a;. Pasteurella multocida type B: 2 assumed to be transmitted between the animals by aerosol infection and ingestion of contaminated river water or material with P. multocida type B: 2 especially during the HS outbreak (Shafarin et al, 2009;Ataei et al, 2009;Khaleel et al, 2013). The clinical indication of this disease is often characterised by rapid course, high fever, loud and stertorous breathing, profuse salivation, severe depression and followed by death generally within a day of infection Jesse et al, 2013b).…”