Acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2): A solution of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate as an expectorant for recanalization of the respiratory tract and blood oxygenation in respiratory obstruction (review)

Abstract

The immediate cause of death of patients in the final stage of a new coronavirus infection is hypoxia, which develops due to respiratory obstruction. In accordance with the standard of treatment of patients with the most severe atypical pneumonia with COVID-19, artificial lung ventilation and extrapulmonary blood oxygenation are used to preserve their lives. However, these methods do not eliminate airway obstruction, one of the causes of which is mucus hypersecretion. The review shows that a new vector for the search and development of medicines for the drug elimination of hypoxia in respiratory obstruction has been identified in Russia. The high prospects of solutions of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate with original physicochemical properties and local mechanisms of action providing urgent recanalization of the respiratory tract and oxygenation of blood in respiratory obstruction caused by blockage of the respiratory tract with thick sputum, mucus, pus and blood are shown. Domestic inventions are indicated, the essence of which is the basis of this scientific direction. Original formulations of solutions of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate are given, as well as new technologies for their local application, providing urgent dissolution of mucus, sputum, pus and blood with simultaneous immediate release of oxygen gas.

Reprofiling Hydrogen Peroxide from Antiseptics to Pyolytics: A Narrative Overview of the History of Inventions in Russia

“…WAHPSs have been reported to consist of the following main ingredients: water, hydrogen peroxide and an alkali (preferably sodium bicarbonate) [20]. Many invented drugs have been shown to be able to dissolve thick masses of pus, blood clots, sulfur plugs, tear stones, mucus, sputum, meconium and other thick biological masses containing the enzyme catalase [23,24]. It has been established that WAHPSs, when locally interacting with sputum, mucus, pus, and serous fluid, are capable of exerting a pyolytic, mucolytic, and antihypoxic oxygen-releasing effect [25][26][27][28][29].…”

“…All the above solutions have a nonspecific local action provided by local hyperthermia, moderate alkalinity, osmotic activity, on the one hand, and the enzyme catalase contained in pus masses and other biological tissues, on the other hand. As a result of local application, all alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions quickly turn these masses into a fluffy white oxygenated foam [22,23,25]. This has been shown to occur due to alkaline saponification of lipid and protein-lipid complexes and a cold boiling process caused by the formation of gas bubbles due to catalase splitting of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen gas and water and/or due to a decrease in the initial overpressure [33,34].…”

“…It was found that when applied topically, WAHPSs have the following effect on pus: they dissolve pus masses due to alkaline saponification of lipid and protein-lipid complexes and simultaneously turn pus into a fluffy foam due to the rapid formation of gas bubbles in the process of cold boiling [8,20,22]. It has been shown that the cold boiling process can be realized by catalase splitting of hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen, as well as by initially increasing the gas content (oxygen or other gas) in the solution by means of excess pressure [23]. Moreover, it was in Russia that for the first time in the world it was proposed to increase the gas content in antiseptic solutions by creating excess pressure in them and thus turn known medicinal solutions into carbonated solutions with a new mechanism of action and with a new indication for use [4,52,53].…”

“…Moreover, it was in Russia that for the first time in the world it was proposed to increase the gas content in antiseptic solutions by creating excess pressure in them and thus turn known medicinal solutions into carbonated solutions with a new mechanism of action and with a new indication for use [4,52,53]. The enrichment of alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions with oxygen gas or other gases has been shown to increase the pyolytic activity [23]. In addition, local application of WAHPSs has been reported to discolor the skin and nail plate in the area of hematoma and/or bruise, as well as to whiten teeth, dental and ceramic products [8, 24,30].…”

Suffocation in asthma and COVID-19: Supplementation of inhaled corticosteroids with alkaline hydrogen peroxide as an alternative to ECMO

“…At the same time, it has been reported that sputum, mucus, pus and other thick secretions may accumulate in the airways, especially in patients with bacterial or fungal superinfection [52][53][54][55][56][57]. In particular, it has been shown that serous fluid and pus can accumulate in the airways in tuberculosis, bronchiectatic disease, cystic fibrosis, purulent obstructive bronchitis, paragonimus, pulmonary strongyloidosis, legionary disease, and severe chest trauma [58][59][60][61][62]. Because asthma and COVID-19 can sometimes be combined with, not just bacterial and fungal superinfections, the airways of some patients may be filled not only with sputum and mucus, but also with thick pus [45,46,[63][64][65].…”