Acute toxicities of diethyl ether and ethanol extracted &lt;i&gt;Nerium indicum&lt;/i&gt; leaf to the fish, &lt;i&gt;Heteropneustes fossilis&lt;/i&gt;

Prasad, M. V. R.; kumar, And M.Mohan; Mishra, Diwakar; Srivastav, SL; Suzuki, Nobuo; Srivastav, Ajai K.

doi:10.4314/njnpm.v13i1.61604

Cited by 3 publications

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“…In the present study, Nerium indicum leaf extract was used. The 96 h LC 50 value of Nerium indicum leaf extract (14.0 mg L −1 for the fish H. fossilis ) was reported by Prasad et al (). In short‐term exposure the fish were subjected to 11.27 mg L −1 of Nerium indicum leaf extract (80% of 96 h LC 50 value).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Ultimobranchial gland has been implicated to control the blood calcium level by the secretion of the hypocalcemic hormone—calcitonin (CT) in nonmammalian vertebrates. There exists several reports on the impact of environmental toxicants on fish, e.g., histopathology of vital organs (Srivastava et al, ; Poleksic and Karan, ; Kumar et al, ), behavioral responses (Prasad et al, ; Srivastava et al, ), and hematological anomalies (Harikrishnan et al, ; Prasad et al, ; Kumar et al, 2011, but there exist no information regarding the impact of botanical pesticides (excluding synthetic pyrethroids) on ultimobranchial gland of fish. Hence, it was aimed in the present investigation to study the toxic effect of a botanical pesticide Nerium indicum leaf extract on the serum calcium and histological changes in the ultimobranchial gland of a freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nerium indicum, a botanical pesticide affects ultimobranchial gland of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis

Prasad

Kumar

Srivastav

et al. 2011

Environmental Toxicology

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Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to 11.27 mg L(-1) (80% of 96 h LC50 ) and 2.81 mg L(-1) (20% of 96 h LC50 ) of Nerium indicum leaf extract for short-term and long-term, respectively. After sacrificing the fish, blood was collected on 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in short-term and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in long-term experiment and analyzed for plasma calcium levels. Also, ultimobranchial glands (UBG) were fixed on these intervals. Serum calcium levels of H. fossilis exhibited a decline after 48 h following exposure to Nerium indicum leaf extract. This decrease continued till the end of the experiment (96 h). Ultimobranchial cells exhibited a decrease in the cytoplasmic staining response after 72 h following the treatment. The nuclear volumes of these cells were slightly decreased. These changes were exaggerated after 96 h following the treatment. Chronically exposed fish exhibited a decline in serum calcium levels of H. fossilis on day 14. The level progressively declined till the end of the experiment. Up to day 14 following the treatment there was no change in the histological structure of UBG. A decrease in the nuclear volume of ultimobranchial cells was noticed on day 21. Moreover, the cytoplasm of these cells displayed weakstaining response. The nuclear volume of these cells recorded a further decrease following 28-day treatment. Also there was noticed vacuolization and degeneration at certain places. To the best of our knowledge, the effects of any botanical pesticides on fish UBG have not been reported yet.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nerium indicum, a botanical pesticide affects ultimobranchial gland of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis

Prasad

Kumar

Srivastav

et al. 2011

Environmental Toxicology

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“…There exists several reports on the impact of environmental toxicants on fish, e.g., histopathology of vital organs (Srivastava et al 1989, Poleksic & Karan, 1999, behavioural responses (Prasad et al 2009, Srivastava et al 2010, hematological anomalies (Harikrishnan et al 2009,b, Rai et al 2010, but there exists no information regarding the impact of botanical pesticides (excluding synthetic pyrethroids) on the ultimobranchial gland of fish, an endocrine gland responsible for secretion of a hypocalcemic factorcalcitonin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Euphorbia royleana</i>, a botanical pesticide affects ultimobranchial gland of the catfish <i>Heteropneustes fossilis</i>

Prasad¹,

Kumar²,

Srivastav³

et al. 2011

Egypt. J. Bio.

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Heteropneustes fossilis were subjected to high and low doses of the latex of Euphorbia royleana for short-term and long-term exposures, respectively. The blood was analyzed for plasma calcium levels, and the ultimobranchial glands fixed and examined. Serum calcium levels declined after 48 h following short-term exposure, and this decrease continued until the end of the experiment. The ultimobranchial cells exhibited a decrease in the cytoplasmic staining response after 96 h following treatment, and the nuclear volumes slightly decreased. Chronically exposed fish also exhibited a decline in serum calcium levels, but much later, on day 7, again progressively declining until the close of the experiment. Up to day 14 following treatment there was no change in histological structure of the ultimobranchial glands, but then there was a decrease in nuclear volume and the cytoplasm displayed a weak staining response. There was some vacuolization and degeneration.

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“…Fishes have been studied to investigate various kinds of the biological effects of different environmental toxicants Tennyson et al 2008;Prasad et al 2009, Kumar et al 2010a, 2010b, 2011a, 2011b, 2013. Botanical pesticides are phytochemicals that have evolved in plants for defense against phytophagous insects.…”

Section: Influence Of a Botanical Pesticide Azadirachtin On Ultimobmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a botanical pesticide, azadirachtin, on ultimobranchial gland of the freshwater catfishHeteropneustes fossilis

Kumar

Prasad

Suzuki

et al. 2013

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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Freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, were subjected to 42 mg L À1 of azadirachtin for short-term exposure (96 h) and to 10.5 mg L À1 for long-term exposure (28 days). Six fishes were sacrificed on each time interval from control and experimental groups after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in the short-term exposure and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in the long-term experiment. The calcium regulating endocrine gland, viz. the ultimobranchial gland, was fixed for histological studies. Up to 72 h of azadirachtin treatment, there was no histological alteration in the UBG (ultimobranchial gland) of H. fossilis. After 96 h exposure, the ultimobranchial cells stain feebly and the nuclear volume of these cells were slightly decreased. No histological alterations have been observed in the UBG cells up to 14 days following azadirachtin exposure. After 21 days, the cytoplasm of ultimobranchial cells was feebly stained and the nuclear volume exhibits a decrease. The nuclear volume of these cells was further decreased and the gland shows vacuolization and degeneration at certain places after 28 days azadirachtin treatment. Hence, it can be concluded that azadirachtin severely affects the physiology of calcium homeostasis in H. fossilis. Therefore, the botanical pesticides should be used carefully near aquatic reservoirs.

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Acute toxicities of diethyl ether and ethanol extracted <i>Nerium indicum</i> leaf to the fish, <i>Heteropneustes fossilis</i>

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Nerium indicum, a botanical pesticide affects ultimobranchial gland of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis

Nerium indicum, a botanical pesticide affects ultimobranchial gland of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis

<i>Euphorbia royleana</i>, a botanical pesticide affects ultimobranchial gland of the catfish <i>Heteropneustes fossilis</i>

Influence of a botanical pesticide, azadirachtin, on ultimobranchial gland of the freshwater catfishHeteropneustes fossilis

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