Acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of pesticide Diazinon in red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Mossambicus albina)

Abstract

Young red tilapias were exposed for 96 h to each one of 6 concentrations of the pesticide Diazinon in order to determine the pesticide's acute toxicity level. After the ascertaining the lethal concentration (LC50) at 96 h, a level 10 times lower was selected for the bioaccumulation study of the pesticide in male and female specimens exposed for 9 days. The elimination process was carried out for 10 days beginning right after the conclusion of the accumulation process. Analytical procedures were developed and used for the studies of acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of Diazinon in red tilapia. A lethal concentration [LC50 (96 h)] of 3.85 mg/L was found, and steady-state accumulation, at a concentration of 28.45 mg/kg, was reached at 7.72 days. In the elimination process a concentration of 0.29 mg/kg was found in tilapia tissue by the sixth day after the fish were moved to clean water, and it continued to decrease quickly toward nondetectable levels.

Acute toxicity and bioconcentration of pyrimorph in zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio

“…The concentrations reached a peak value at 144 and 96 h, but then decreased. Such results were similar to those of previous studies on pesticide in fish or other organisms 24–26. Baussant et al 25 reported that phenanthrene concentrations in juvenile turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) that was exposed to dispersed oil increased rapidly at the beginning, reached the maximum level after approximately 3 days and then declined quickly to a low steady level 25.…”

“…Baussant et al 25 reported that phenanthrene concentrations in juvenile turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) that was exposed to dispersed oil increased rapidly at the beginning, reached the maximum level after approximately 3 days and then declined quickly to a low steady level 25. Palacio et al 26 selected a level 10 times lower than the 96 h LC 50 for a 9 day bioaccumulation study of diazinon in male and female red tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus × Mossambicus albina ). The results showed that the concentration of diazinon in red tilapia increased from zero to 18.23 mg kg −1 after exposure for only 1 day, and it reached 32.77 and 34.07 mg kg −1 after exposure for 6 and 7 days respectively; however, the concentrations decreased to 23.60 and 25.63 mg kg −1 after exposure for 8 and 9 days respectively 26.…”

“…Palacio et al 26 selected a level 10 times lower than the 96 h LC 50 for a 9 day bioaccumulation study of diazinon in male and female red tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus × Mossambicus albina ). The results showed that the concentration of diazinon in red tilapia increased from zero to 18.23 mg kg −1 after exposure for only 1 day, and it reached 32.77 and 34.07 mg kg −1 after exposure for 6 and 7 days respectively; however, the concentrations decreased to 23.60 and 25.63 mg kg −1 after exposure for 8 and 9 days respectively 26. Hou et al 24 reported that, when C. aurats was exposed to 0.27 and 0.55 mg L −1 diazinon, the concentration of diazinon in the liver of fish reached the maximum value (about 64 and 66 mg kg −1 respectively) in 20 days, but, when the exposure concentrations were 1.1 and 2.2 mg L −1 , the diazinon concentration reached the peak value (about 77 and 128 mg kg −1 respectively) in only 10 days; however, the diazinon concentrations in the liver of fish all decreased significantly after exposure to diazinon for 30 days 24…”

Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Selected Pesticides

“…Most studies disclosed that diazinon is relatively quickly eliminated from tissues after placing organisms in clean water (3-8 days), and that a steady state is reached within a few days (Deneer et al 1999;El Arab et al 1990;Kanazawa 1978;Keizer et al 1991;Palacio et al 2002;Sancho et al 1993;Tsuda et al 1990Tsuda et al , 1995Tsuda et al , 1997. Varó et al (2002) reported biomagnification factors (BMFs), which are a measure of uptake from food items or prey, of 0.7-0.3 (decreasing with increasing time of exposure) for chlorpyrifos in a two-level food chain experiment with Artemia spp., and the fish Aphanus iberius.…”

Growth evaluation of Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae, Neopterygii) exposed to Trichlorfon

“…The LC50 (96 hs) of Trichlorfon to rainbow trout is 1.4 mg/L (Hill and Camardese, 1986) and the LC50 (96 hs) of Diazinon to Oreochromis niloticus is 3.85 mg/L, and steady-state accumulation, at a concentration of 28.45 mg/kg, was reached at 7.72 days (Palacio et al, 2002). These doses were higher than the dose utilized in treatments against ectoparasitosis (0.25 mg/L) (Gesamp, 1997;Mackinnon, 1997, Sievers et al, 1995.…”