“…Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) is a recognized sensitive test-plant in bio testing the toxicity of various substrates. Current studies using garden cress reactions are concerned with assessing the toxicity of antibiotics (Tongur and Yildirim, 2015), analgesic drugs (Tongur et al, 2017a), beta-blocker drugs (Tongur et al, 2017b), new derivatives of heterocyclic compounds (Tsekhmister et al, 2012;Tkachuk et al, 2015), urban solid waste compost (Astaraei, 2009), nanoparticles (Jośko et al, 2017;Mielcarz-Skalska and Smolińska, 2018), oil mill wastewater (Dehmani et al, 2020), some shampoos and dishwashing detergents (Ovsyannikova et al, 2015), heavy metals (Szaniszló and Demény, 2018), microplastics (Bosker et al, 2019;Pflugmacher, et al, 2020Pflugmacher, et al, , 2021, in particular polyethylene terephthalate microplastics and acid rain (Pignattelli et al, 2021a, b). Most publications examine the level of seed germination, weight, and size of seedlings as test indicators.…”