Acute toxicity of Headline® fungicide to Blanchard’s cricket frogs (Acris blanchardi)

Cusaac, J. Patrick W.; Morrison, Shane A.; Belden, Jason B.; Smith, Loren M.; McMurry, Scott T.

doi:10.1007/s10646-015-1602-x

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Also, pesticide applications were the most frequent management measures in viniculture (up to 12 applications) and can affect amphibians not only on the application day, like tillage operations, but up to several days after application, depending on the chemical decomposition of pesticides. Recent studies and surveys confirmed the presence of pesticides in amphibian habitats and waterbodies in general (Smalling et al, 2012; Ulrich et al, 2015), as well as in amphibian tissues (Smalling et al, 2013; Smalling et al, 2015; Battaglin et al, 2016; Cusaac et al, 2016). Furthermore, pesticide concentrations in amphibian tissues were positively correlated with agricultural and urban land around breeding sites (Battaglin et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Pesticides play a crucial role in this context, since they can be highly toxic to terrestrial life stages of amphibians (Brühl et al, 2013; Cusaac et al, 2016). Additionally, a spatio-temporal overlap of pesticide applications with the terrestrial activity phase of amphibians was demonstrated for some crops (Lenhardt, Brühl & Berger, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amphibian population genetics in agricultural landscapes: does viniculture drive the population structuring of the European common frog (Rana temporaria)?

Lenhardt

Brühl

Leeb

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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Amphibian populations have been declining globally over the past decades. The intensification of agriculture, habitat loss, fragmentation of populations and toxic substances in the environment are considered as driving factors for this decline. Today, about 50% of the area of Germany is used for agriculture and is inhabited by a diverse variety of 20 amphibian species. Of these, 19 are exhibiting declining populations. Due to the protection status of native amphibian species, it is important to evaluate the effect of land use and associated stressors (such as road mortality and pesticide toxicity) on the genetic population structure of amphibians in agricultural landscapes. We investigated the effects of viniculture on the genetic differentiation of European common frog (Rana temporaria) populations in Southern Palatinate (Germany). We analyzed microsatellite data of ten loci from ten breeding pond populations located within viniculture landscape and in the adjacent forest block and compared these results with a previously developed landscape permeability model. We tested for significant correlation of genetic population differentiation and landscape elements, including land use as well as roads and their associated traffic intensity, to explain the genetic structure in the study area. Genetic differentiation among forest populations was significantly lower (median pairwise FST = 0.0041 at 5.39 km to 0.0159 at 9.40 km distance) than between viniculture populations (median pairwise FST = 0.0215 at 2.34 km to 0.0987 at 2.39 km distance). Our analyses rejected isolation by distance based on roads and associated traffic intensity as the sole explanation of the genetic differentiation and suggest that the viniculture landscape has to be considered as a limiting barrier for R. temporaria migration, partially confirming the isolation of breeding ponds predicted by the landscape permeability model. Therefore, arable land may act as a sink habitat, inhibiting genetic exchange and causing genetic differentiation of pond populations in agricultural areas. In viniculture, pesticides could be a driving factor for the observed genetic impoverishment, since pesticides are more frequently applied than any other management measure and can be highly toxic for terrestrial life stages of amphibians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphibian population genetics in agricultural landscapes: does viniculture drive the population structuring of the European common frog (Rana temporaria)?

Lenhardt

Brühl

Leeb

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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“…In most experiments, exposure containers consisted of 9.5‐L aquaria (∼400 cm 2 floor surface area) containing moist soil to 1 cm depth uniformly distributed across the bottom of the aquarium. Unless otherwise noted, the standard bedding soil described in Cusaac et al was used in exposure containers. Treatment rates were determined based on maximum label rates for each fungicide formulation (152 and 217 g pyraclostrobin/ha for Headline AMP and Headline fungicides, respectively, corresponding to 1.52 and 2.17 μg pyraclostrobin/cm 2 , respectively), and formulations were mixed with deionized water to achieve nominal treatment rates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crickets fed to juvenile toads in experiment 4 were analyzed for fungicide active ingredients using a modification of the QuEChERS method , as described in Cusaac et al . Briefly, 10 crickets from each treatment were placed in 50‐mL centrifuge tubes ( n = 19 and 21 tubes in control and Headline AMP treatments, respectively) after treatment and frozen at –20 °C until analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current recommended formulation for corn in the United States is Headline AMP® fungicide (suspension concentrate [SC]), which contains no naphtha and less pyraclostrobin (13.64% by mass), but includes a second active ingredient (metconazole, 5.14% by mass) . There are no data available on the toxicity of Headline AMP fungicide to toads, but previous studies report that both Headline formulations are similarly toxic to one other amphibian species ( Acris blanchardi ) . Importantly, laboratory studies demonstrating the toxicity of Headline formulations to terrestrial amphibians replicated a worst‐case exposure of direct overspray on bare soil; however, exposure during routine treatment of crops is more complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors influencing the toxicity of Headline® fungicides to terrestrial stage toads

Cusaac

Mimbs

Belden

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Amphibians are susceptible to exposure from contaminants via multiple pathways. Pyraclostrobin fungicides have been shown to be toxic to terrestrial amphibians at environmentally relevant concentrations; however, these studies did not account for factors that may influence exposure and effects, such as fungicide formulation, age of the individual, exposure route, and physiological state of the individual. We examined Headline® and Headline AMP® fungicide toxicity to adult Anaxyrus cognatus and Anaxyrus woodhousii by direct overspray, as well as acute toxicity of Headline AMP to juvenile A. cognatus through direct overspray, previously exposed soils, and diet. We also assessed effects of hydration state on fungicide toxicity in juvenile A. cognatus and sublethal effects of fungicide exposure on prey-orientation ability of juvenile A. cognatus. Neither formulation of Headline caused mortality of adult A. cognatus and A. woodhousii at up to 5 times the maximum label rate in North American corn (1052 and 879 mL formulation/ha for Headline AMP and Headline fungicides, respectively, corresponding to 1.52 and 2.2 μg pyraclostrobin/cm , respectively). Exposures of juvenile A. cognatus to Headline AMP via direct overspray and previously exposed soils (2 types) resulted in median lethal rate (LR50) values of 2.4, 3.34, and 3.61 μg pyraclostrobin/cm , respectively. Dietary Headline AMP exposure was not toxic, prey-orientations were not influenced by exposure, and effects were similar between dehydrated and hydrated treatments (LR50 = 2.4 and 2.3 μg pyraclostrobin/cm , respectively). These results, combined with exposure concentrations reported in previous studies, suggest that risk of acute mortality for amphibians in terrestrial environments is low and is dictated by body size and site-specific factors influencing exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2679-2688. © 2017 SETAC.

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Long‐term, landscape‐level assessment of aquatic pesticide exposure to identify amphibian ontological traits affecting vulnerability

Awkerman,

Purucker,

Raimondo

et al. 2024

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Amphibians worldwide are threatened by habitat loss, some of which is driven by a changing climate, as well as exposure to pesticides, among other causes. The timing and duration of the larval development phase vary between species, thereby influencing the relative impacts of stochastic hydroregime conditions as well as potential aquatic pesticide exposure. We describe the stages of breeding through metamorphosis for eight amphibian species, based on optimal hydroregime conditions, and use a model of pesticide fate and exposure representative of central Florida citrus groves to simulate hydrodynamics based on observed weather data over a 54‐year period. Using the Pesticide in Water Calculator and Plant Assessment Tool, we estimated daily wetland depth and pyraclostrobin exposure, with label‐recommended application quantities. Species' timing and duration of larval development determined the number of years of suitable hydroregime for breeding and the likelihood of exposure to peak aquatic concentrations of pyraclostrobin. Although the timing of pesticide application determined the number of surviving larvae, density‐dependent constraints of wetland hydroregime also affected larval survival across species and seasons. Further defining categorical amphibian life history types and habitat requirements supports the development of screening‐level assessments by incorporating environmental stochasticity at the appropriate temporal resolution. Subsequent refinement of these screening‐level risk assessment strategies to include spatially explicit landscape data along with terrestrial exposure estimates would offer additional insights into species vulnerability to pesticide exposure throughout the life cycle. Computational simulation of ecologically relevant exposure scenarios, such as these, offers a more realistic interpretation of differential agrichemical risk among species based on their phenology and habits and provides a more situation‐specific risk assessment perspective for threatened species. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1–10. Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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Acute toxicity of Headline® fungicide to Blanchard’s cricket frogs (Acris blanchardi)

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Amphibian population genetics in agricultural landscapes: does viniculture drive the population structuring of the European common frog (Rana temporaria)?

Amphibian population genetics in agricultural landscapes: does viniculture drive the population structuring of the European common frog (Rana temporaria)?

Factors influencing the toxicity of Headline® fungicides to terrestrial stage toads

Long‐term, landscape‐level assessment of aquatic pesticide exposure to identify amphibian ontological traits affecting vulnerability

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