Acute toxicity of Leaf extracts ofEnydra fluctuansLour in Zebrafish (Danio rerioHamilton)

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The present study was focused on the concentration dependent changes in oral acute toxicity of leaf extracts of <jats:italic>E. fluctuans</jats:italic> in zebrafish. The study was also aimed at the details of histopathological changes in gill, liver, brain and intestine of zebrafish exposed to the leaf extracts of the plant <jats:italic>E. fluctuans</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Enydra fluctuans</jats:italic> Lour is an edible semi-aquatic herbaceous plant used widely for the alleviation of the different diseases. Since there were no toxicity studies conducted on this plant the present study was an attempt to look into the elements of toxicity of the plants. Two types of experiments are conducted in the present study. First, the acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per the OECD guidelines 203. Second, histopathological changes were observed in the fishes exposed to the lethal concentrations of plant extract. The oral acute toxicity studies conducted on Zebrafish have revealed that the leave extracts of <jats:italic>E. fluctuans</jats:italic> were toxic to the tested fish at the concentration of 200 mg/kg body weight. The histopathological studies conducted on intestine of treated fishes showed that treatment has induced rupturing of villi structure and fusion of villi membrane and detachment of villi structure from basal membrane of intestine. The histology of the liver also showed severe vacuolization in the cells while it is not affected in control. The studies on gills showed the detachment of basal epithelial membrane in gills compared to control which might have led to death of the fish. The histopathological observations of brain tissues treated with test samples also revealed the marked impingement in brain parenchyma while the control is normal without impingement of brain.</jats:p>

Toxicological Evaluation of Ethanolic Leaf and Fruit Extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Treated with Wastewater in Danio rerio Hamilton (Zebrafish)

“…The median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of the acute toxicity experiment was calculated from the data using the PROBIT function and analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 software with 95% confidence limits. The safe level estimation after 96 hrs exposure of zebrafish to the leaf extracts of the plant was carried based on the methodology used by Hart and Sprague, Committee on Water Quality Criteria (CWQC), National Academy of Sciences/National Academy of Engineering (NAS/NAE) and International Joint Commission (IJC) 22 .…”

“…Histological slide staining with Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E staining) was done using standard protocols. When slides are ready, they can be observed under a bright-field microscope for analysis and interpretation of tissue alterations 22 .…”

Toxicity of Methanolic Extract of Fruits of Catunaregam spinosa (Rubiaceae) on Danio rerio Embryos

“…Four to five months old mature fruits were collected from Ayurveda Herbal Garden, Haldumulla, Sri Lanka. The extraction protocol was developed with the combination of studies by Alafiatayo et al [18] and Xavier and Kripasana, [19] with slight modifications. A weight of 50.0 g of dried fruits was ground in an electric grinder.…”

Zebrafish as a Successful Animal Model for Screening Toxicity of Medicinal Plants

“…Gills are essential to fish because they are the leading site for gas exchange [ 141 , 142 , 143 ], and they engage in osmoregulation [ 90 ], ionic control, acid-base balance, and excretion of nitrogen waste in fish [ 144 ]. Several studies on the histological organization and physiology of gills in many fishes have been carried out [ 145 ].…”