Acute toxicity of nonylphenols and bisphenol A to the embryonic development of the abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta

Abstract

Acute toxic effects and mechanisms of two typical endocrine disrupting chemicals, nonylphenols (NPs) and bisphenol A (BPA), to the embryonic development of the abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta, were investigated by the two-stage embryo toxicity test. The 12-h median effective concentrations (EC(50)) of NPs and BPA to the trochophore development were 1016.22 and 30.72 μg L(-1), respectively, and the respective 96-h EC(50) values based on the completion of metamorphosis (another experimental endpoint) were reduced to 11.65 and 1.02 μg L(-1). Longer exposure time and magnified exposure concentrations in the benthic diatom, that serves as both food source and settlement substrate during the metamorphosis, via bioaccumulation, led to the higher sensitivity of metamorphosis to target EDCs compared with the trochophore development. The hazard concentrations for 5% of the species (HC(5)) could be employed as the safety thresholds for the embryonic development of the abalone. The 12-h HC(5) values of NPs and BPA were 318.68 and 13.93 μg L(-1), respectively, and the respective 96-h HC(5) values were 0.99 and 0.18 μg L(-1), which were at environmentally relevant levels. Results of proteomic responses revealed that NPs and BPA altered various functional proteins in the abalone larvae with slight differences between each chemical and affected various physiological functions, such as energy and substance metabolism, cell signalling, formation of cytoskeleton and cilium, immune and stress responses at the same time, leading to the failure of metamorphosis.

Impact of bisphenol A (BPA) on early embryo development in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: Effects on gene transcription

“…Overall, the results demonstrate that both the estrogenic chemical BPA and the natural estrogen E 2 affect Mytilus early development through dysregulation of gene transcription. In the marine gastropod Haliotis diversicolor, BPA affected different stages of larval development, with an EC 50 of 1.02 µg/L at 96 h (completion of metamorphosis) (Liu et al, 2011). Furthermore, proteomic analysis indicated that both chemicals interfered with different physiological pathways, including energy and substance metabolism, cell signaling, formation of cytoskeleton and cilium, immune and stress responses at the same time, leading to the failure of metamorphosis (Liu et al, 2011).…”

Protective role of luteolin against bisphenol A‐induced renal toxicity through suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and upregulating Nrf2/ARE/ HO‐1 pathway

“…A number of in vitro and in vivo studies reported that BPA can accumulate and affect various fundamental organ capacities, including the liver, heart, pancreas, testis, and brain. Contact with BPA amid the embryonic period is connected with tissue peroxidation and oxidative stress (OS), which prompts less growth of specific organs, for example, the reproductive system . BPA is a xenoestrogen, which mimics the action of regular estrogen and causes ominous health results.…”

Effects of bisphenol A on antioxidant system in soybean seedling roots

“…Numerous studies have shown that humans and animals can take up BPA, causing physiological disorders, obstacles to reproductive and immunological functions, and changes in genetic material [9]. Acute toxicological studies have demonstrated that BPA is a lowtoxicity substance, and it exerts moderate stimulus on animal skin, the respiratory tract, the alimentary canal, and cornea and increases the risk of leukemia, lymphoma, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity [10]. In contrast with the vast literature regarding the effects of BPA on animals, however, few studies have examined the effects of BPA on terrestrial plants.…”