Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, permethrin, and cypermethrin in neonatal and adult rats

Cantalamessa, Franco

doi:10.1007/bf01969923

Cited by 158 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, both the levels of cytochrome P450s and carboxylesterases have been shown to be significantly lower in prenatal/newborn rats than in adults (14,15). These data suggest an increased susceptibility of fetuses and young infants to pyrethroids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 53%

Identification, Expression, and Purification of a Pyrethroidhydrolyzing Carboxylesterase from Mouse Liver Microsomes

Stok

Huang

Jones

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Carboxylesterases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a wide range of ester-containing endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Although the use of pyrethroids is increasing, the specific enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of these insecticides have yet to be identified. A pyrethroid-hydrolyzing enzyme was partially purified from mouse liver microsomes using a fluorescent reporter similar in structure to cypermethrin . Compared with their cis-counterparts, trans-permethrin and cypermethrin were hydrolyzed 22-and 4-fold faster, respectively. Of the four fenvalerate isomers the (2R)(␣R)-isomer was hydrolyzed at least 1 order of magnitude faster than any other isomer. However, it is unlikely that this enzyme accounts for the total pyrethroid hydrolysis in the microsomes because both isoelectrofocusing and native PAGE indicate the presence of a second region of cypermethrin-metabolizing enzymes. A second carboxylesterase gene (NCBI accession number NM_133960), isolated during a cDNA mouse liver library screening, was also found to hydrolyze pyrethroids. Both these enzymes could be used as preliminary tools in establishing the relative toxicity of new pyrethroids.

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mentioning

confidence: 53%

Identification, Expression, and Purification of a Pyrethroidhydrolyzing Carboxylesterase from Mouse Liver Microsomes

Stok

Huang

Jones

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…PERM was dissolved in corn oil and administered by gavage at the dose of 34.05 mg/kg/4 ml, which corresponds to 1/50 of LD50 as determined in adult rats (Cantalamessa, 1993). PERM or its vehicle (corn oil, 4 ml/kg) was administered once a day from PND6 to PND21.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of early life permethrin exposure on spatial working memory and on monoamine levels in different brain areas of pre-senescent rats

et al. 2013

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a b s t r a c tPesticide exposure during brain development could represent an important risk factor for the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies investigated the effect of permethrin (PERM) administered at 34 mg/kg, a dose close to the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) from post natal day (PND) 6 to PND 21 in rats. Despite the PERM dose did not elicited overt signs of toxicity (i.e. normal body weight gain curve), it was able to induce striatal neurodegeneration (dopamine and Nurr1 reduction, and lipid peroxidation increase). The present study was designed to characterize the cognitive deficits in the current animal model. When during late adulthood PERM treated rats were tested for spatial working memory performances in a T-maze-rewarded alternation task they took longer to choose for the correct arm in comparison to age matched controls. No differences between groups were found in anxiety-like state, locomotor activity, feeding behavior and spatial orientation task. Our findings showing a selective effect of PERM treatment on the T-maze task point to an involvement of frontal cortico-striatal circuitry rather than to a role for the hippocampus. The predominant disturbances concern the dopamine (DA) depletion in the striatum and, the serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NE) unbalance together with a hypometabolic state in the medial prefrontal cortex area. In the hippocampus, an increase of NE and a decrease of DA were observed in PERM treated rats as compared to controls. The concentration of the most representative marker for pyrethroid exposure (3-phenoxybenzoic acid) measured in the urine of rodents 12 h after the last treatment was 41.50 g/L and it was completely eliminated after 96 h.

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“…Thirty-two rats were randomized into three experimental groups and one control group (n=8 for each group). Permethrin was given orally, three times in the experimental groups, on days 1, 7 and 14, respectively; group I rats (n=8), 75 mg kg -1 permethrin (1/20 of the LD 50 value); group II rats (n=8) 150 mg kg -1 permethrin (1/10 of the LD 50 value, group II) and group III rats (n=8) 300 mg kg -1 (1/5 of the LD 50 value, group III) (28)(29)(30). Corn oil (vehicle/one millilitre per animal) was orally administered to the control group (n=8) on the same days.…”

Section: Animals and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Significance of the Overexpression of HSP70 and Alpha B-Crystallin in Rat Substantia Nigra Exposed to Different Doses of Permethrin

Güvenç

Kabak

Atmaca

et al. 2013

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of the Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) and Alpha B-crystallin (αBC) in the substantia nigra of rats exposed to permethrin at different doses on the apoptotic cell status. The orogastric gavage method was used to administer the different doses of permethrin (75 mg kg -1 in Group I, 150 mg kg -1 in group II, 300 mg kg -1 in group III) to the rats. Using the Western blot test, all the permethrin-treated groups showed a dose-dependent increase in the expression of HSP70 and αBC when compared to the control group. TUNEL positive apoptotic cells were not detected in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra after treatment with permethrin; however, upon immunofl uorescent staining, intense positive reactions for HSP70 and αBC were observed in all of the treated groups. No immunopositive cells were detected in the tissue sections of the control group. These results suggest that the different administered doses of permethrin did not cause apoptotic cell death in the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons; however, they did induce an increase in HSP70 and αBC expression. Thus, it appears that HSP70 and αBC could play a neuroprotective role in permethrin-induced neurotoxicity.

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Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, permethrin, and cypermethrin in neonatal and adult rats

Cited by 158 publications

References 20 publications

Identification, Expression, and Purification of a Pyrethroidhydrolyzing Carboxylesterase from Mouse Liver Microsomes

Identification, Expression, and Purification of a Pyrethroidhydrolyzing Carboxylesterase from Mouse Liver Microsomes

Effects of early life permethrin exposure on spatial working memory and on monoamine levels in different brain areas of pre-senescent rats

Biological Significance of the Overexpression of HSP70 and Alpha B-Crystallin in Rat Substantia Nigra Exposed to Different Doses of Permethrin

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