Acute Toxicity of Water Extracts of Barks of Yellow Oleander,Thevetia peruviana(Persoon), and Neem Plant,Azadirachta indica(Lodd) to Mormyrids,Hyperopisus bebe occidentalis(Gunther)

Oti, E. E.; Ukpabi, U. H.

doi:10.1300/j028v16n03_13

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Prior to death, darkening of the exposed fish, erratic swimming, and respiratory distress were observed. Similar behavioral changes were observed by many investigators (Jayaraj, 1992;Fernardez et al, 1992;Omoregie and Okpanachi, 1997;Oti andUkpabi, 2004 andMondal, et al, 2007) who demonstrated that various neem preparations induce toxicity to different experimental fish species. The authors believed that mortality may be due to fatigue and direct toxic effects of the pesticide on the fish tissues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Toxicity determination and hypoglycaemic effect of neem biopesticide on the grass carp “Ctenopharyngodon idella

Hassanein

Okail

2008

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology

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The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity of the neem biopesticide (Triology); extracted from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica; on the grass carp fish "Ctenopharyngodon idella as well as investigation its hypoglycaemic effect on liver carbohydrates content and plasma glucose levels. The obtained results showed that exposing the fish to gradual concentrations (ranged from 20 to 180 mg/l) of this toxicant has led to abnormal symbtoms of the fish. These were charachterized by loss of balance, with an initial increase in the opercular ventilation rates which then decreased significantly. Moreover, darkening of the exposed fish, erratic swimming, and respiratory distress were observed prior to death. However, the calculated 96 h LC 50 of this pesticide was112 mg/l. For investigation of the hypoglycaemic effect, fish were divided to three groups: (i) Fish were exposed to 1/10 LC 50 (11.2 mg/L) of the pesticide for 15 day, then sampled after intervals of 5, 10 and 15 days post exposure which followed by 10 days recovery, then sampled after intervals of 5 and 10 days. (ii) Fish were exposed to 1/2 LC 50 (56 mg/L) of neem pesticide for 6 days, then they were sampled after successive intervals of 2, 4 and 6 days of exposure followed by 6 days recovery where fish were sampled after intervals of 3 and 6 days. (iii) control group. The results revealed that general carbohydrates; as illustrated by PAS-reaction in the liver; were subjected to gradual and marked reductions after different time intervals of exposure. At the end of recovery period, an improvement in the liver carbohydrate contents could be observed. Furthermore, the present investigations suggested that the two different treatments of C. idella with Triology have induced marked reduction in plasma glucose. However, during the both 2 recovery periods, the fish groups did not show complete recovery. The data suggests that A. indica could be of benefit in diabetes mellitus in controlling the blood sugar or may also be helpful in preventing or delaying the onset of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Toxicity determination and hypoglycaemic effect of neem biopesticide on the grass carp “Ctenopharyngodon idella

Hassanein

Okail

2008

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology

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“…Martinez (2002) stated that aqueous extract of neem leaves and other neem-based products have been extensively used in fish-farms as alternative for the control of fish parasites and fish fry predators such as dragon-fly larvae. Although neem extract is considered target specific and of low toxicity towards non-target aquatic life (Oti and Ukpabi, 2005), water extracts of the bark of the neem plant caused respiratory problems in redbelly tilapia, Tilapia zilli (Gervais) (Omoregie and Okpanachi, 1997), while long exposure to low concentrations of the crude extract of A. indica delayed the growth of this cichlid fish (Omoregie and Okpanachi, 1992). Recently, it was observed that the neem-based pesticide, Achook, was toxic to zebrafish (Ansari and Sharma, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The protective role of copper nicotinate and vitamin E against neem seed oil induced oxidative stress and histopathological changes in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758)

El‐Badawi

Gaafar

Abbas

et al. 2014

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate whether neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds oil (NO) induced changes on some oxidative indicators and histopathological alterations in tissues of Oreochromis niloticus fish and the possible protective effects of copper nicotinate (CN) and vitamin E on neem oil-induced changes. Fish were divided into 8 groups and treated with NO alone or in combination with CN, vitamin E and clean water. NO interfered with the antioxidant defense system of O. niloticus, as there was a decrease in GST, CAT and SOD activities in all studied organs as compared to control group. These alterations in antioxidants activities were accompanied with the occurrence of histological lesions and damage in gills, liver and posterior kidney tissues. The addition of CN and Vitamin E in fish diets could protect the fish O. niloticus against NO-induced oxidative damage and histopathological changes showing recovery of fish organs. It was concluded that although botanical pesticides are being considered as less toxic/safe, but it may provoke deleterious changes in vital organs of the fish. Hence, precautions must be taken into account when botanicals are being used in fish production facilities.

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“…The piscicidal plants contain active ingredients known as alkaloids which are toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms at high concentration (Olaifa et al, 1987). Scientific studies have revealed some piscicidal plants used in aquaculture; Parkia biglobosa (Fafioye et al, 2004), pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed (Ayotunde and Ofem, 2008), Raphia vinifera (Fafioye et al, 2004), mesocarp of neem plant (Azadirachta indica) (Akinwande et al, 2007), Derris elliptica (Akinbulumo et al, 2004), Tephrosia vogelii (Agbon et al, 2004), Raphia hookeri (Adeogun 2004), Tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) leaf dust (Omoniyi et al, 2002), Tephrosia candida (Mohotti and Epa, 2016), Kigelia Africana (Ufodiku and Omoregie (1994), Tetrapleura tetraptera (Omitoyin et al, 1999), Cocoa bean shell (Olaifa et al, 2008), Thevetia peruvina (Oti and Ukpabi, 2005). Asides their use as traditional piscicidal agents for catching wild fish, these plants are used in aquaculture management for controlling the predatory and wild fishes (Neuwinger, 2004;Fafioye et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Different Concentration of Thorn Apple (Datura stramonium) Extract on Growth, Histopathology and Blood Profiles Response to Sub- Lethal Exposure of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Juveniles

Olusola¹,

Ayebidum²,

Amubieya³

et al. 2023

jasem

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This study investigated the toxic effects of Datura stramonium leaves extract on growth, histopathology and blood profiles of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. Datura stramonium leaves extract of various concentrations were prepared at 0.00 (control), 0.002, 0.02 and 0.2 ml/L for 28 days and 10 days withdrawal in triplicate. Twenty (20) Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (6.05±0.01g) were randomly distributed into each experimental bowl containing 45 L of treatment concentrations. Biological evaluation, blood profiles parameters, and histology of the exposed fish were determined. The result shows an increase within the weight gain and the weight gain was higher in the exposed groups expect TAL 4 than the control. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the treatments. The haematological response to D. stramonium exposures shows that the values of packed cell volume and haemoglobin were higher in the exposed groups compared to the control while the white blood cell, neutrophils, and lymphocytes decrease as the concentration of the plant increases and were lower than the control. The result revealed a higher value of total protein and albumin in the exposed groups compared to the control. There were decreased in the values of ALT and AST when compared to the control and the values of total protein, albumin, ALT and AST after 10 days of withdrawal show a similar trend in values obtained before the experiment. The result of histopathology shows no observable lesions were observed in control group while there were moderate alterations in gills, liver and the intestine of the exposed groups. This investigation revealed that continuous use of the D. stramonium leaves extract in the aquatic environment will affects the growth, blood profiles and histopathology of the exposed fish.

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Acute Toxicity of Water Extracts of Barks of Yellow Oleander,Thevetia peruviana(Persoon), and Neem Plant,Azadirachta indica(Lodd) to Mormyrids,Hyperopisus bebe occidentalis(Gunther)

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Toxicity determination and hypoglycaemic effect of neem biopesticide on the grass carp “Ctenopharyngodon idella

Toxicity determination and hypoglycaemic effect of neem biopesticide on the grass carp “Ctenopharyngodon idella

The protective role of copper nicotinate and vitamin E against neem seed oil induced oxidative stress and histopathological changes in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758)

Impact of Different Concentration of Thorn Apple (Datura stramonium) Extract on Growth, Histopathology and Blood Profiles Response to Sub- Lethal Exposure of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Juveniles

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