The probiotics are being used as ecofriendly and bioremediation tools for developing sustainability to aquaculture. The present study was conducted to explore the practical capability of using dietary lactic acid bacteria (Pediococcus acidilactici) probiotics and see how its dose variation affected the water quality, growth performance, survival rate, body composition, blood biochemical parameters, and intestinal histology of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). A total of 120 fingerlings with an initial weight of 9 ± 0.2  g were divided into four groups, each with three replicates. The feeding experiment lasted for 60 days. In addition to the control (without probiotics) (T0), fish were fed diets containing (T1) 2.0, (T2) 2.5, and (T3) 3.0 g of probiotics per kg of diet twice a day. When compared to the control, sea bass fed probiotic-supplemented diets had significantly higher growth parameters, fish body “crude lipid,” and villi height ( p < 0.05 , p < 0.01 , and p < 0.001 ). The P. acidilactici probiotic treatments improved survival rate, feed conversion ratio, body composition, and blood biochemical markers, but not statistically significant ( p > 0.05 ). Also, in regard to water quality, P. acidilactici drastically reduced ammonia and pH levels. In this experiment, fish fed with a dosage of 3.0 g of this commercial probiotic per kg of probiotics performed better. The study found that including probiotics in the diets of European sea bass improved growth, body composition, survival rate, blood biochemical markers, intestinal histology, and some water quality parameters.

The study aims to investigate the potential effect of nanocurcumin as feed additive in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus to improve its growth performance, health status and resistance against Aspergillus flavus. The control group was fed on a basal diet without nanocurcumin, and four diets T1, T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with 10, 25, 40 and 55 mg/kg of nanocurcumin, respectively, in triplicate (20 fish/replicate). The duration of the feeding trial was 60 days. The final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and survival rate showed significantly (p < 0.05) increased values in the nanocurcumin groups than the control. Fish fed with nanocurcumin supplementation showed improvement in RBCs, haemoglobin, total protein, albumin and globulin while there was a decrease in the liver enzymes (AST and ALT), glucose and alkaline phosphatase. The creatinine was also decreased in fish fed nanocurcumin. The digestive enzymes amylase and lipase increased in the nanocurcumin‐treated groups, and the triglycerides values showed non‐significant increase, whereas the cholesterol values showed non‐significant decrease in T1 and T4. Meanwhile, the cortisol was nearly the same in all groups. At the end of the trial, the fish were challenged with Aspergillus flavus for 15 days. Aspergillus flavus resulted in the mortality of 100% of the control group and the groups with lower doses of nanocurcumin (T1 and T2) within the first week and second week post challenge respectively. In the treatments with high doses (T3 and T4), higher survival rates were recorded in a dose‐dependent manner. The pathogenicity of Aspergillus flavus was confirmed histopathologically. It was concluded that the dietary supplementation of nanocurcumin enhanced the health status of O. niloticus by improving the haemato‐immunological response and body composition parameters of the fish, and protected it from the Aspergillus flavus infection with optimum inclusion levels of 25–40 mg/kg diet.

Aging mammalian results in impaired bio-functions and neurological disorders. The current study investigated whether whey protein (WP) syrup supplementation may improve age-related changes in diseased brain indicators like tau protein, β-amyloid and α-amylase. The study was carried out in conjunction with immunohistochemistry, histology, and flow cytometry of apoptosis. At the ages of 8 and 30 months, Wistar albino rats (Rattus novergicus) were divided into four groups (n = 8; G1; 8 months old rats; G2, 8 months old rats supplemented WP; G3, 30 months old rats; G4, 30 months old rats supplemented WP), with or without whey syrup administration. For 2 months, oral whey supplementation in 2 mL/kg doses is given twice a day every 12 h. Rats were sacrificed, and their brains were subjected to biochemical, histological, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometric investigations. Aged rats had lower levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine (DA). These observations were parallel with increased inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor α- and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)], lipid peroxidation products (MDA), as well as apoptotic marker caspase-3, annexin-v, tau protein, β-amyloid, and α-amylase. Whey administration to aged rats reduced inflammatory and oxidative stress markers as well as improved neurotransmitters, tau protein, β-amyloid, and α-amylase. The advantages of supplementation were validated by improved histology and immunohistochemistry in aged rats’ cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus. In addition, apoptosis was reduced, according to flow cytometry analysis of annexin-v. In conclusion, WP contains amino acids and bioactive compounds that could decrease brain oxidative stress and restore normal metabolic function. Furthermore, increased antioxidant defense and DA and 5-HT neurotransmitters, while decreasing brain tau protein and β-amyloid, were associated with better histology in aged rats’ cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus.