ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Acalypha hispida LEAVES IN FEMALE RATS: A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY

Abstract

This research aims to evaluate the safety of ethanolic extract of Acalypha hispida (A. hispida) leaves with acute toxicity test using 15 female rats strain Sprague-Dawley. A single dose of different doses of extract (2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg body weight) was administrated orally, and theobservation was conducted for 14 days. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless (LD50 16 g/kg BW), did not affect body weight, and did not show clinical signs of toxicity during the observation periods. The parameters of blood serumbiochemistry of all extract-treated groups (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea) did not change significantly compared to the control group. The histological observation of the liver showed a significant increase in eosinophilic cytoplasm and basophilic nuclei at all doses. However, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves did not significantly affect glomerulus/Bowman’s capsule ratio, glomerular cell density, and the proportion of normal cell tubule. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless with LD5016 g/kg BW and seems to be safe in low doses (2 g/kg BW).

Nanoextract of Acalypha hispida leaves increases antioxidant defense and suppresses microstructure damage in liver and kidney of diabetic rats

“…3C). Eosinophilia in liver tissue was caused by the denaturation of proteins in the cytoplasm (Alfarisi et al, 2020b).…”

“…The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and urea in the serum were analyzed using the Selectra Junior Auto-Analyzer (Vital Scientific). The analysis was referred to in Alfarisi et al (2020b).…”

“…The analysis was conducted in five fields of view (40×). The nuclear cell size and cytoplasm intensity of liver tissue were measured as described before (Alfarisi et al, 2020b). The kidney tissue was analyzed for the following parameters: glomerulus/Bowman's capsule ratio, glomerular cell density, tubular necrosis score, tubular dilatation index (TDI), and interstitial volume index (IVI) (Alfarisi et al, 2020b).…”

“…The nuclear cell size and cytoplasm intensity of liver tissue were measured as described before (Alfarisi et al, 2020b). The kidney tissue was analyzed for the following parameters: glomerulus/Bowman's capsule ratio, glomerular cell density, tubular necrosis score, tubular dilatation index (TDI), and interstitial volume index (IVI) (Alfarisi et al, 2020b). The tubular necrosis score was evaluated based on the following criteria: 0: normal, 1: mild (<10%), 2: moderate (10%-25%), 3: moderate to severe (25%-50%), 4: severe (50%-75%), and 5: very severe (>75%) (Bussmann et al, 2014).…”

Volume 11, No. 2, 2022

“…Although the toxicity test on the Artemia salina model is a preliminary screening to determine the degree of cytotoxicity of the plants, these data open a great prospect for further toxicological studies on another model or a whole animal to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of these medicinal plants. However, according to the work of Alfarisi et al (2020), the ethanolic extract of A. ciliata does not show acute toxicity effect on female wistar rats. Aqueous extract of C. diffusa does not show cytotoxic effect on brine larvae (Nasrin et al 2019).…”