ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the classification, diagnosis, and management of cardiomyopathies in cats

Abstract

Consensus Statements of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) provide the veterinary community with up-to-date information on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically important animal diseases. The ACVIM Board of Regents oversees selection of relevant topics, identification of panel members with the expertise to draft the statements, and other aspects of assuring the integrity of the process. The statements are derived from evidence-based medicine whenever possible and the panel offers interpretive comments when such evidence is inadequate or contradictory. A draft is prepared by the panel, followed by solicitation of input by the ACVIM membership that may be incorporated into the statement. It is then submitted to the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, where it is edited before publication. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the statements. AbstractCardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of myocardial disorders of mostly unknown etiology, and they occur commonly in cats. In some cats, they are welltolerated and are associated with normal life expectancy, but in other cats they can result in congestive heart failure, arterial thromboembolism or sudden death.Cardiomyopathy classification in cats can be challenging, and in this consensus statement we outline a classification system based on cardiac structure and function (phenotype). We also introduce a staging system for cardiomyopathy that includes subdivision of cats with subclinical cardiomyopathy into those at low risk

Assessment of left atrial function in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using two- dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography

“…Pulsed-wave Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging were used for assessing left ventricular diastolic function [ 6 , 22 ]. Transmitral flow velocities were measured from the left apical four-chamber view.…”

“…The prevalence of HCM in cats was approximately 10–15% in cats and increased with age [ 1 – 4 ]. The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus guideline of cardiomyopathies in cats suggests that left ventricular wall thickness during diastole of ≥ 6 is indicative of left ventricular hypertrophy [ 5 , 6 ]. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with diastolic dysfunction [ 5 ].…”

Cardiac structural and functional findings in Persian cats with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

“…Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common type of cardiomyopathic phenotype in cats, is characterized by diffuse or regional increased left ventricle (LV) wall thickness with a nondilated LV chamber. The HCM remains a major source of feline morbidity and mortality, with congestive heart failure and arterial thromboembolism as the most common cause of clinical signs and sudden death in this species (LUIS FUENTES et al, 2020). In some breeds, such as Maine Coon and Ragdoll cats, HCM is an autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by a mutation in the gene that encodes the cardiac myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3) (MEURS et al, 2005;.…”

Assessment of left atrial function in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using two- dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography

“…Pulsed-wave Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging were used for assessing left ventricular diastolic function [6,22]. Transmitral ow velocities were measured from the left apical four-chamber view.…”

“…The prevalence of HCM in cats was approximately 10-15% in cats and increased with age [1][2][3][4]. The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus guideline of cardiomyopathies in cats suggests that left ventricular wall thickness during diastole of ≥ 6 is indicative of left ventricular hypertrophy [5,6].…”