The use of immunobiological agents for the treatment of autoimmune diseases is
increasing in medical practice. Anti-TNF therapies have been increasingly used in
refractory autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis, with promising
results. However, the use of such therapies has been associated with an increased
risk of developing other autoimmune diseases. In addition, the use of anti-TNF agents
can cause pulmonary complications, such as reactivation of mycobacterial and fungal
infections, as well as sarcoidosis and other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). There
is evidence of an association between ILD and the use of anti-TNF agents, etanercept
and infliximab in particular. Adalimumab is the newest drug in this class, and some
authors have suggested that its use might induce or exacerbate preexisting ILDs. In
this study, we report the first case of acute ILD secondary to the use of adalimumab
in Brazil, in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and without a history of ILD.