Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim Dan Ketahanan Pangan: Telaah Inisiatif Dan Kebijakan

Abstract

Dalam dua dekade terakhir, berbagai program intensifikasi penggunaan sarana produksi pertanian (misal: bantuan benih, pupuk bersubsidi, pupuk organik, dan perbaikan irigasi) telah berdampak terhadap peningkatan produksi beras nasional. Di balik keberhasilan program tersebut, fluktuasi kondisi iklim memberikan tantangan dalam mempertahankan stabilitas produksi nasional. Kondisi tersebut dapat diperparah dengan adanya potensi dampak negatif perubahan iklim yang berakibat pada penurunan produktivitas ataupun peningkatan serangan hama dan penyakit. Ancaman lainnya adalah peningkatan fenomena iklim ekstrem yang dapat menyebabkan bencana banjir dan kekeringan, sehingga berimplikasi pada gagal panen ataupun gagal tanam. Memperhatikan kondisi tersebut, tulisan ini membahas berbagai inisiatif adaptasi yang dilakukan melalui langkah praktis dan didorong oleh regulasi yang dikeluarkan pemerintah Indonesia. Praktik adaptasi dilakukan melalui insiatif mandiri berdasarkan kearifan lokal maupun bantuan pemerintah. Iniastif pemerintah terkait adaptasi dilakukan melalui Pedoman Umum Langkah-Langkah Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim (Pedum) dan langkah praktis dalam strategi budidaya yang responsif terhadap perubahan iklim.

Food Diversification: Strengthening Strategic Efforts to Reduce Social Inequality through Sustainable Food Security Development in Indonesia

“…Previous studies of food security have been carried out including Perdinan et al (2018) on Climate Change Adaptation and Food Security Initiatives and Policy Studies which findings were that the impact of climate change has influenced the decline in productivity of agricultural products and the increase in pests of plant diseases compounded by extreme climate phenomena which poses a serious threat to crop and crop failure. The study of Waha et al (2018) states that a more diverse agricultural system can contribute to food security for households due to the household market orientation factors and available land resources.…”

The Impact of Climatic Factors Towards Rice Production in Indonesia

“…The challenge found in implementing climate change adaptation in the agricultural sector as well as in implementing the Pedum was the gap in the capacity of farmers and supporting infrastructure for the adaptation implementation. Inadequate availability of learning tools and the lack of knowledge of farmers made the implementation process move slowly (Perdinan et al, 2018).…”

The Impact Of Climate Change On Agriculture In Indonesia And Its Strategies: A Systematic Review

“…Climate change changes rain patterns, also increases extreme events such as floods and droughts, air temperatures (Surmaini and Runtunuwu 2015;Perdinan et al 2019) as well as pests and plant diseases (Asnawi 2015;Burritt 2018) so it can threaten the success of food production (Hidayati and Suryanto 2015).…”

“…Therefore, harvests for human consumption are also very dependent on future climate(Burritt 2018). We have to do non-conventional efforts such as the use of non-chemical organic fertilizer(Sudarma and As-syakur 2018), the production of seeds that are tolerant to stress while maintaining their quality(Perdinan et al 2019), also the adjustment of planting time in each region due to variations in rainfall. because a different rain determines cropping patterns (Nugroho and Nuraini 2016).…”