Adaptation and ecological differentiation in wheat with special reference to geographical variation of growth habit and <i>Vrn</i> genotype

Iwaki, K.; Haruna, S.; Niwa, T.; Kato, Kenji

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0523.2001.00574.x

Cited by 84 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…aestivum accessions (SI Appendix, Table S4) previously proposed to carry VRN-D4 based on genetic analyses (32)(33)(34). However, markers for the 5DS/5AL insertion and for the A367C SNP were not detected in accessions IL193, CL035, IL346, and CL030 (SI Appendix, Table S4).…”

Section: Vrn-d4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VRN-D4 was first described in the Australian wheat variety Gabo (30), which likely inherited it from the Indian cultivar Muzaffarnagar (31). VRN-D4 is found at higher frequency among wheat accessions from South Asia than from other parts of the world (32)(33)(34). VRN-D4 was transferred from Gabo into Triple Dirk to develop Triple Dirk "F" (TDF), which is part of a set of isogenic lines carrying different vernalization genes (35,36).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of the VERNALIZATION 4 gene reveals the origin of spring growth habit in ancient wheats from South Asia

Kippes

Debernardi

Vasquez-Gross

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

140

109

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Wheat varieties with a winter growth habit require long exposures to low temperatures (vernalization) to accelerate flowering. Natural variation in four vernalization genes regulating this requirement has favored wheat adaptation to different environments. The first three genes (VRN1-VRN3) have been cloned and characterized before. Here we show that the fourth gene, VRN-D4, originated by the insertion of a ∼290-kb region from chromosome arm 5AL into the proximal region of chromosome arm 5DS. The inserted 5AL region includes a copy of VRN-A1 that carries distinctive mutations in its coding and regulatory regions. Three lines of evidence confirmed that this gene is VRN-D4: it cosegregated with VRN-D4 in a high-density mapping population; it was expressed earlier than other VRN1 genes in the absence of vernalization; and induced mutations in this gene resulted in delayed flowering. VRN-D4 was found in most accessions of the ancient subspecies Triticum aestivum ssp. sphaerococcum from South Asia. This subspecies showed a significant reduction of genetic diversity and increased genetic differentiation in the centromeric region of chromosome 5D, suggesting that VRN-D4 likely contributed to local adaptation and was favored by positive selection. Three adjacent SNPs in a regulatory region of the VRN-D4 first intron disrupt the binding of GLYCINE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (TaGRP2), a known repressor of VRN1 expression. The same SNPs were identified in VRN-A1 alleles previously associated with reduced vernalization requirement. These alleles can be used to modulate vernalization requirements and to develop wheat varieties better adapted to different or changing environments.wheat | flowering | vernalization | VRN1 | Triticum aestivum ssp. sphaerococcum

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Section: Vrn-d4mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the VERNALIZATION 4 gene reveals the origin of spring growth habit in ancient wheats from South Asia

Kippes

Debernardi

Vasquez-Gross

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

140

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The finding of a new allele of the HMW glutenin subunit is evidence for the potential usefulness of these landraces. Another importance of landraces is that they have been cultivated for a long time in local areas and are adapted to their environment (Iwaki et al 2001). Since Afghanistan has a complex topography and various climates within each of its counties, varieties adapted to the regional climate are necessary for obtaining a stable yield and reducing environmental loads.…”

Section: The Usefulness Of Afghan Landraces For Future Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Landraces are the only primary gene pool for bread wheat. To broaden the available genetic resources and to interpret the process of wheat spreading, the genetic diversity of wheat landraces has been investigated by a number of studies (Tsujimoto et al 1998, Bhattacharya et al 1999, Iwaki et al 2001, Ghimire et al 2005, Roussel et al 2005, Tanaka et al 2005, Balfourier et al 2007. Several studies using wheat landraces have achieved success in introducing useful agronomic traits such as semi-dwarfness (Borlaug 1968), disease resistance (Rudd et al 2001), and preferable flour quality (Nakamura et alprotein is encoded by three homoeologous loci located on group 1 chromosomes (Payne et al 1980, Lawrence andShepherd 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the genetic diversity of an Afghan wheat collection based on morphological variation, HMW glutenin subunit polymorphisms, and AFLP

et al. 2009

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To reveal the genetic properties of an Afghan wheat collection maintained in Kyoto University, variations in morphological character and HMW glutenin subunit composition were investigated in 410 Afghan wheat accessions together with 65 accessions of Iranian and Pakistani wheat. The majority of the samples had primitive morphological characteristics, namely, tall plant height and lax spikes with a spelt head. The most frequent combination of HMW glutenin subunit was Glu-A1c (encoding subunit null), Glu-B1b (7 + 8), and Glu-D1a (2 + 12). Alleles preferable for modern breeding such as Glu-B1c and Glu-D1d were rare in our samples. Consequently, we concluded that the Afghan wheat accessions investigated in this study have genetic characteristics typical of landraces. As for their genetic diversity, the level of variation in the HMW glutenin subunit in Afghanistan was found to be equal to or lower than that in the neighboring countries. The largest variation was observed in Western Iran and Pakistan. AFLP analysis using 91 representative accessions also showed a comparatively low level of diversity in Afghanistan. These results suggest that a decrease in genetic diversity has occurred in Afghanistan. A novel HMW glutenin subunit (2.8) was found in this study, indicating the potential usefulness of Afghan landraces for wheat breeding.

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“…Vernalization accelerates flowering/maturity in sensitive wheat when exposed to cold temperatures (Cockram et al 2007). Four major loci Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 and Vrn-D5 control vernalization response in wheat (Iwaki et al 2000). The presence of recessive alleles at all these loci confers winter growth habit, whereas presence of one or more dominant alleles at these loci results in spring growth habit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelic variation at the Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1, Vrn-B3 and Ppd-D1a loci of Pakistani spring wheat cultivars

Iqbal¹,

Shahzad²,

Ahmed³

2001

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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Flowering time in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is controlled by vernalization and photoperiod response, and earliness per se genes. The genetic basis of flowering time has not been investigated in Pakistani bread wheat. This study was, therefore, conducted to determine the allelic composition at Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1, Vrn-B3 and Ppd-D1a loci of 59 Pakistani spring bread wheat cultivars. These cultivars, along with 4 isogenic lines for vernalization genes were characterized with previously reported DNA markers designed for detecting allelic variation at 4 Vrn (Vernalization) and 1 Ppd (Photoperiod) loci. Spring habit Vrn-A1a allele was found in 36% cultivars either alone or with spring habit Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 alleles. Two wheat cultivars had the dominant Vrn-A1c allele, whereas none of the cultivars had Vrn-A1b. Spring habit Vrn-B1 was the most frequent allele (64%) present either alone or with Vrn-A1a, Vrn-A1c and Vrn-D1. Spring habit Vrn-D1 was found in 61% cultivars. Vrn-D1 was singly found in 25% cultivars and along with Vrn-B1 in 29% cultivars. Dominant Vrn-B3 was absent in all cultivars studied. All cultivars except Era had the photoperiod insensitive allele PpdD1a. We did not find any association between the flowering time and Vrn allelic composition of the studied cultivars. This indicated that the partial vernalization requirement of cultivars with Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 alleles is probably fulfilled during Pakistani growing season. Earliness per se and the photoperiod sensitive loci other than Ppd-D1 need to be investigated to further understand the genetic basis of flowering time in Pakistani wheat.

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Adaptation and ecological differentiation in wheat with special reference to geographical variation of growth habit and Vrn genotype

Cited by 84 publications

References 28 publications

Identification of the VERNALIZATION 4 gene reveals the origin of spring growth habit in ancient wheats from South Asia

Identification of the VERNALIZATION 4 gene reveals the origin of spring growth habit in ancient wheats from South Asia

Evaluation of the genetic diversity of an Afghan wheat collection based on morphological variation, HMW glutenin subunit polymorphisms, and AFLP

Allelic variation at the Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1, Vrn-B3 and Ppd-D1a loci of Pakistani spring wheat cultivars

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