Adaptation effects of medial forebrain bundle micro-electrical stimulation

Farakhor, Sepideh; Shalchyan, Vahid; Daliri, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.1080/21655979.2019.1599628

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is important to note that the period of electrical stimulation was limited to the experimental session, and no other intervention was conducted between weeks. A previous study indicated that continuous stimulation can lead to changes in the characteristics of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) due to adaptation [ 24 ], which necessitates further investigation of the effects of continuous application of our system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rattractor—Instant guidance of a rat into a virtual cage using the deep brain stimulation

et al. 2023

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We developed “Rattractor” (rat attractor), a system to apply electrical stimuli to the deep brain of a rat as it stays in a specified region or a virtual cage to demonstrate an instant electrophysiological feedback guidance for animals. Two wire electrodes were implanted in the brains of nine rats. The electrodes targeted the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), which is a part of the reward system in the deep brain. Following the recovery period, the rats were placed in a plain field where they could move freely, but wired to a stimulation circuit. An image sensor installed over the field detected the subject’s position, which triggered the stimulator such that the rat remained within the virtual cage. We conducted a behavioral experiment to evaluate the sojourn ratio of rats residing in the region. Thereafter, a histological analysis of the rat brain was performed to confirm the position of the stimulation sites in the brain. Seven rats survived the surgery and the recovery period without technical failures such as connector breaks. We observed that three of them tended to stay in the virtual cage during stimulation, and this effect was maintained for two weeks. Histological analysis revealed that the electrode tips were correctly placed in the MFB region of the rats. The other four subjects showed no apparent preference for the virtual cage. In these rats, we did not find electrode tips in the MFB, or could not determine their positions. Almost half of the rats tended to remain inside the virtual cage when position-related reward stimuli were triggered in the MFB region. Notably, our system did not require previous training or sequential interventions to affect the behavioral preferences of subjects. This process is similar to the situation in which sheep are chased by a shepherd dog in the desired direction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rattractor—Instant guidance of a rat into a virtual cage using the deep brain stimulation

et al. 2023

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“…Due to their excellent biocompatibility and compliance with resistance and toughness requirements, metal microelectrodes are widely applied in animal robotics research. For rat robots, the electrical stimulation sites investigated mainly encompass the MFB, which is used to elicit virtual rewards and propel rats forward [23], and the SIBF, ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPL), ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) [24], and nigrostriatal pathway (NSP) [25,26], which are utilized for left-right turning control. Therefore, the implantation of electrodes is required at multiple stimulation sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Behavior Regulation of Rat Robots Using Integrated Electrodes Stimulated by Micro-Nervous System

Huo,

Zhang,

Luo

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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As a cutting-edge technology, animal robots based on living organisms are being extensively studied, with potential for diverse applications in the fields of neuroscience, national security, and civil rescue. However, it remains a significant challenge to reliably control the animal robots with the objective of protecting their long-term survival, and this has seriously hindered their practical implementation. To address this issue, this work explored the use of a bio-friendly neurostimulation system that includes integrated stimulation electrodes together with a remote wireless stimulation circuit to control the moving behavior of rat robots. The integrated electrodes were implanted simultaneously in four stimulation sites, including the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and primary somatosensory cortex, barrel field (S1BF). The control system was able to provide flexibility in adjusting the following four stimulation parameters: waveform, amplitude, frequency, and duration time. The optimized parameters facilitated the successful control of the rat’s locomotion, including forward movement and left and right turns. After training for a few cycles, the rat robots could be guided along a designated route to complete the given mission in a maze. Moreover, it was found that the rat robots could survive for more than 20 days with the control system implanted. These findings will ensure the sustained and reliable operation of the rat robots, laying a robust foundation for advances in animal robot regulation technology.

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“…Psychologically, the MFB is considered to serve as the neural substrate for motivation and pleasure, and thus, stimulation of the MFB and surrounding regions has been behaviorally used as a neural and “virtual” reward ( Olds and Milner, 1954 ; Margules and Olds, 1962 ; Beninger et al, 1977 ). MFB stimulation ignites hedonic feelings and elicits pleasant bodily sensations in animals, thus highly motivating them to perform a variety of operant and spatial tasks ( Carlezon and Chartoff, 2007 ; Lee et al, 2010 ; Sun et al, 2012 ; Farakhor et al, 2019 ; Kong et al, 2019 ). Electrical stimulation of the reward system, including the MFB, has also allowed for (tele)control of the spatial navigation of rodents and birds ( Talwar et al, 2002 ; Sun et al, 2012 ; Huai et al, 2016 ; Khajei et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Motor Cortical Gamma Oscillations and Sniffing Activity by Medial Forebrain Bundle Stimulation Precedes Locomotion

Yoshimoto

Shibata

Kudara

et al. 2022

eNeuro

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The medial forebrain bundle (MFB) is a white matter pathway that traverses through mesolimbic structures and includes dopaminergic neural fibers ascending from the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Since dopaminergic signals represent hedonic responses, electrical stimulation of the MFB in animals has been used as a neural reward for operant and spatial tasks. MFB stimulation strongly motivates animals to rapidly learn to perform a variety of behavioral tasks to obtain a reward. Although the MFB is known to connect various brain regions and MFB stimulation dynamically modulates animal behavior, how central and peripheral functions are affected by MFB stimulation per se is poorly understood. To address this question, we simultaneously recorded electrocorticograms (ECoGs) in the primary motor cortex (M1), primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and olfactory bulb (OB) of behaving rats while electrically stimulating the MFB. We found that MFB stimulation increased the locomotor activity of rats. Spectral analysis confirmed that immediately after MFB stimulation, sniffing activity was facilitated and the power of gamma oscillations in the M1 was increased. After sniffing activity and motor cortical gamma oscillations were facilitated, animals started to move. These results provide insight into the importance of sniffing activity and cortical gamma oscillations for motor execution and learning facilitated by MFB stimulation.

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Adaptation effects of medial forebrain bundle micro-electrical stimulation

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Rattractor—Instant guidance of a rat into a virtual cage using the deep brain stimulation

Rattractor—Instant guidance of a rat into a virtual cage using the deep brain stimulation

Motor Behavior Regulation of Rat Robots Using Integrated Electrodes Stimulated by Micro-Nervous System

Enhancement of Motor Cortical Gamma Oscillations and Sniffing Activity by Medial Forebrain Bundle Stimulation Precedes Locomotion

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