Adaptation from standing genetic variation

Barrett, Rowan D. H.; Schluter, Dolph

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.008

Cited by 1,826 publications

(1,841 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…First, P. cinereus populations are relatively isolated (Cabe et al., 2007), and it is possible that morph‐specific differences are not maintained in the population we studied. Differences would only be maintained if climate was a strong disruptive selective pressure (Barrett & Schluter, 2008), and Maryland's climate may be variable enough that selection is stabilizing. Behavioral adaptation is one of the fastest evolutionary responses, so stabilizing selection would result in a fixed breadth of behavioral responses for both morphs in a relatively short amount of time (Snell‐Rood, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating within‐population variability in behavior and demography for the adaptive potential of a dispersal‐limited species to climate change

Muñóz

Hesed

Grant

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Multiple pathways exist for species to respond to changing climates. However, responses of dispersal‐limited species will be more strongly tied to ability to adapt within existing populations as rates of environmental change will likely exceed movement rates. Here, we assess adaptive capacity in Plethodon cinereus, a dispersal‐limited woodland salamander. We quantify plasticity in behavior and variation in demography to observed variation in environmental variables over a 5‐year period. We found strong evidence that temperature and rainfall influence P. cinereus surface presence, indicating changes in climate are likely to affect seasonal activity patterns. We also found that warmer summer temperatures reduced individual growth rates into the autumn, which is likely to have negative demographic consequences. Reduced growth rates may delay reproductive maturity and lead to reductions in size‐specific fecundity, potentially reducing population‐level persistence. To better understand within‐population variability in responses, we examined differences between two common color morphs. Previous evidence suggests that the color polymorphism may be linked to physiological differences in heat and moisture tolerance. We found only moderate support for morph‐specific differences for the relationship between individual growth and temperature. Measuring environmental sensitivity to climatic variability is the first step in predicting species' responses to climate change. Our results suggest phenological shifts and changes in growth rates are likely responses under scenarios where further warming occurs, and we discuss possible adaptive strategies for resulting selective pressures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating within‐population variability in behavior and demography for the adaptive potential of a dispersal‐limited species to climate change

Muñóz

Hesed

Grant

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Large population sizes are important to buffer a species from stochastic extinction following rapid population decline in response to abrupt environmental change (Bell & Gonzalez, 2009). Another crucial factor influencing the rate and probability of adaptation is the amount of preexisting genetic variation in evolving populations (Barrett & Schluter, 2008; Orr & Unckless, 2014). This quantity is positively correlated with population size.…”

Section: Natural Selection and Adaptive Responses To Rapidly Changingmentioning

confidence: 99%

When evolution is the solution to pollution: Key principles, and lessons from rapid repeated adaptation of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) populations

Whitehead

Clark

Reid

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

128

102

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For most species, evolutionary adaptation is not expected to be sufficiently rapid to buffer the effects of human‐mediated environmental changes, including environmental pollution. Here we review how key features of populations, the characteristics of environmental pollution, and the genetic architecture underlying adaptive traits, may interact to shape the likelihood of evolutionary rescue from pollution. Large populations of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) persist in some of the most contaminated estuaries of the United States, and killifish studies have provided some of the first insights into the types of genomic changes that enable rapid evolutionary rescue from complexly degraded environments. We describe how selection by industrial pollutants and other stressors has acted on multiple populations of killifish and posit that extreme nucleotide diversity uniquely positions this species for successful evolutionary adaptation. Mechanistic studies have identified some of the genetic underpinnings of adaptation to a well‐studied class of toxic pollutants; however, multiple genetic regions under selection in wild populations seem to reflect more complex responses to diverse native stressors and/or compensatory responses to primary adaptation. The discovery of these pollution‐adapted killifish populations suggests that the evolutionary influence of anthropogenic stressors as selective agents occurs widely. Yet adaptation to chemical pollution in terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate wildlife may rarely be a successful “solution to pollution” because potentially adaptive phenotypes may be complex and incur fitness costs, and therefore be unlikely to evolve quickly enough, especially in species with small population sizes.

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“…The mutation rate and the distribution of fitness effects of mutation figure prominently in evolutionary theory in such varied subjects as adaptation (e.g., Fisher, 1930; Orr, 1998), the evolution of sex (e.g., Kondrashov, 1988; Muller, 1964), and expectations about standing genetic variation (Barrett & Schluter, 2008; Haldane, 1937). The effects of mutation may also depend on environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying natural seasonal variation in mutation parameters with mutation accumulation lines

Rutter

Roles

Fenster

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Mutations create novel genetic variants, but their contribution to variation in fitness and other phenotypes may depend on environmental conditions. Furthermore, natural environments may be highly heterogeneous. We assessed phenotypes associated with survival and reproductive success in over 30,000 plants representing 100 mutation accumulation lines of Arabidopsis thaliana across four temporal environments at a single field site. In each of the four assays, environmental variance was substantially larger than mutational variance. For some traits, whether mutational variance was significantly varied between seasons. The founder genotype had mean trait values near the mean of the distribution of the mutation accumulation lines in all field experiments. New mutations also contributed more phenotypic variation than would be predicted, given phenotypic and sequence‐level divergence among natural populations of A. thaliana. The combination of large environmental variance with a mean effect of mutation near zero suggests that mutations could contribute substantially to standing genetic variation.

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Adaptation from standing genetic variation

Cited by 1,826 publications

References 68 publications

Evaluating within‐population variability in behavior and demography for the adaptive potential of a dispersal‐limited species to climate change

Evaluating within‐population variability in behavior and demography for the adaptive potential of a dispersal‐limited species to climate change

When evolution is the solution to pollution: Key principles, and lessons from rapid repeated adaptation of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) populations

Quantifying natural seasonal variation in mutation parameters with mutation accumulation lines

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