Adaptation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) to the dry environments of Limpopo, South Africa: growth, yield and yield components

Ogola, John B.O.; Mathews, C.

doi:10.5897/ajar11.764

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Similar productivity levels, were obtained under irrigation in India [38]. Moreover, growing cassava in the seasonally dry environments of the Limpopo river basin in South Africa that experiences several months of terminal drought and winter low mid-season temperatures resulted in fresh yields in some cultivars as high as 54 and 66 t/ha at 6 and 12 months after planting, respectively [39]. Underlying this productivity is the high photosynthetic capacity of cassava with maximum net leaf photosynthetic rates (P N ) between 40 and 50 µmol·CO 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 under saturating solar radiation (>1800 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 in the range of photosynthetic active radia-tion, PAR), wet soils and high atmospheric humidity [40].…”

Section: Cassava Research Strategy At Ciatsupporting

confidence: 63%

Stress-Tolerant Cassava: The Role of Integrative Ecophysiology-Breeding Research in Crop Improvement

El‐Sharkawy¹

2012

OJSS

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This review highlights an integrative multidisciplinary eco-physiological, breeding and agronomical research on the tropical starchy root crop cassava conducted at CIAT. Laboratory and field studies have elucidated several physio-logical/biochemical mechanisms and plant traits underlying the high productivity in favorable conditions and tolerance to stressful environments, such as prolonged water stress and marginal low-fertility soils. Cassava is endowed with inherent high photosynthetic capacity expressed in near optimal environments that correlates with biological produc- tivity across environments and wide range of germplasm.Field-measured photosynthetic rates were also associated with root yield, particularly under prolonged drought. Extensive rooting systems and stomatal sensitivity to both atmospheric humidity and soil water shortages underlie tolerance to drought. The C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was associated with photosynthesis and yield making it a selectable trait, along with leaf duration, particularly for stressful environments. Germplasm from the core collection was screened for tolerance to soils low in P and K, resulting in the identification of several accessions with good levels of tolerance. Cassava has a comparative advantage against major tropical food and energy crops in terms of biological productivity. Results also point to the importance of field research versus greenhouse or growth-chamber studies. In globally warming climate,the crop is predicted to play more role in tropical and subtropical agro-ecosystems. More research is needed under tropical field conditions to understand the interactive responses to elevated carbon dioxide, temperature, soil fertility, and plant water relations

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Section: Cassava Research Strategy At Ciatsupporting

confidence: 63%

Stress-Tolerant Cassava: The Role of Integrative Ecophysiology-Breeding Research in Crop Improvement

El‐Sharkawy¹

2012

OJSS

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“…The characterization of such 14‐3‐3 proteins in cassava, however, is incomplete. Cassava represents the most important root crop globally, with its starch‐rich root storage mechanisms being essential for both food and industrial supply efforts (Jansson et al , Blagbrough et al ), and it has a high inherent tolerance to several stress conditions (El‐Sharkawy , Ogola and Mathews ). Our previous work suggests that a particular 14‐3‐3 protein may play key roles in regulating starch accumulation and carbohydrate metabolism during the cassava root tuberization process (Wang et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐wide analysis and phosphorylation sites identification of the 14‐3‐3 gene family and functional characterization of MeGRF3 in cassava

Chang

Zheng

Peng

et al. 2020

Physiologia Plantarum

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The biological functionality of many members of the 14‐3‐3 gene family is regulated via phosphorylation at multiple amino acid residues. The specific phosphorylation‐mediated regulation of these proteins during cassava root tuberization, however, is not well understood. In this study, 15 different 14‐3‐3 genes (designated MeGRF1 – 15) were identified within the cassava genome. Based upon evolutionary conservation and structural analyses, these cassava 14‐3‐3 proteins were grouped into ε and non‐ε clusters. We found these 15 MeGRF genes to be unevenly distributed across the eight cassava chromosomes. When comparing the expression of these genes during different developmental stages, we found that three of these genes (MeGRF9, 12 and 15) were overexpressed at all developmental stages at 75, 104, 135, 182 and 267 days post‐planting relative to the fibrous root stage, whereas two (MeGRF5 and 7) were downregulated during these same points. In addition, the expression of most MeGRF genes changed significantly in the early and middle stages of root tuberization. This suggests that these different MeGRF genes likely play distinct regulatory roles during cassava root tuberization. Subsequently, 18 phosphorylated amino acid residues were detected on nine of these MeGRF proteins. A phosphomimetic mutation at serine‐65 in MeGRF3 in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) slightly influenced starch metabolism in these plants, and significantly affected the role of MeGRF3 in salt stress responses. Together these results indicate that 14‐3‐3 genes play key roles in responses to abiotic stress and the regulation of starch metabolism, offering valuable insights into the functions of these genes in cassava.

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“…The crop is a major source of starch (Sánchez et al., 2009) and the roots can be consumed fresh or processed into several composite food products. Cassava is particularly important for food security because it can be harvested throughout the year, grows well with minimum input, it's easily propagated using stem cuttings and adaptes well to a number of harsh environments (Ogola and Mathews, 2011; Burns et al., 2012). As such, global cassava production has more than doubled in the past 40 years from 118 million to over 250 million tons (FAO, 2015), with an annual increment of about 10% (Howeler et al., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starch quality traits of improved provitamin A cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Atwijukire

Hawumba

Baguma

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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Provitamin A cassava clones were analysed for starch yield and critical starch quality attributes, to understand possible applications in the food industry. Total carotenoids content in the test clones ranged from 0.03-11.94 μg g-1 of fresh root. Starch yield ranged from 8.4-33.2 % and correlated negatively (r = -0.588, P < 0.001) with carotenoids content. Amylose content (16.4–22.1%) didn't differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) among the cassava clones. Meanwhile, total carotenoid content had significant negative correlations (P ≤ 0.05) with starch pasting temperature, peak time, setback viscosities and peak area. The reduced peak time and pasting temperatures in high-carotenoid cassava signifies reduction in energy requirements in yellow-fleshed roots when compared to white-fleshed cassava. This attribute is desirable for the food industry as it would reduce the overall cost of processing the cassava. Furthermore, final viscosities of starch from carotenoid-rich cassava were lower than those of white-fleshed roots, making provitamin A cassava suitable for soft food processing.

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Adaptation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) to the dry environments of Limpopo, South Africa: growth, yield and yield components

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Stress-Tolerant Cassava: The Role of Integrative Ecophysiology-Breeding Research in Crop Improvement

Stress-Tolerant Cassava: The Role of Integrative Ecophysiology-Breeding Research in Crop Improvement

Genome‐wide analysis and phosphorylation sites identification of the 14‐3‐3 gene family and functional characterization of MeGRF3 in cassava

Starch quality traits of improved provitamin A cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

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