Adaptation of Cassava to Changing Climates

Ceballos, Hernán; Ramírez, Julián; Bellotti, Anthony C.; Jarvis, Andy; Álvarez, Elizabeth

doi:10.1002/9780470960929.ch28

Cited by 48 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The model validation showed a high rate of true positive predictions, a low rate of false negative predictions, and the areas predicted as suitable matched the geographical distribution of sorghum. The EcoCrop model has also been used for simulating the possible gain in suitable area in relation to genetic improvements in the absolute and optimal thresholds for growth of cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) in relation to temperature and rainfall (Ceballos et al 2011). EcoCrop has been extensively used to investigate climate change impacts on crop distribution (Beebe et al 2011;Ramirez-Villegas et al 2011;Jarvis et al 2012;Vermeulen et al 2013) and has been shown to produce results that are consistent with those of other (more complex) models Challinor et al 2015).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of spatial modelling of crop suitability using a new digital soil map of Tanzania

Piikki

Winowiecki

Vågen

et al. 2017

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of spatial modelling of crop suitability using a new digital soil map of Tanzania

Piikki

Winowiecki

Vågen

et al. 2017

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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“…In some cases rains arrived earlier than usual and in these cases harvest took place after the plants in the field had begun sprouting. When this happens, DMC is drastically reduced (Ceballos et al, 2011). However, this reduction is not uniform across genotypes therefore resulting in genotype-by-environment interaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most immediate impacts of climate change is the increased uncertainty regarding the time the rainy season begins (Ceballos et al, 2011). Because of this, the storage period of the stems may have to be extended longer than normal with detrimental effect on their sprouting capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cassava Breeding II: Phenotypic Correlations through the Different Stages of Selection

et al. 2016

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Breeding cassava relies on a phenotypic recurrent selection that takes advantage of the vegetative propagation of this crop. Successive stages of selection (single row trial–SRT; preliminary yield trial–PYT; advanced yield trial–AYT; and uniform yield trials UYT), gradually reduce the number of genotypes as the plot size, number of replications and locations increase. An important feature of this scheme is that, because of the clonal, reproduction of cassava, the same identical genotypes are evaluated throughout these four successive stages of selection. For this study data, from 14 years (more than 30,000 data points) of evaluation in a sub-humid tropical environment was consolidated for a meta-analysis. Correlation coefficients for fresh root yield (FRY), dry matter content (DMC), harvest index (HIN), and plant type score (PTS) along the different stages of selection were estimated. DMC and PTS measured in different trials showed the highest correlation coefficients, indicating a relatively good repeatability. HIN had an intermediate repeatability, whereas FRY had the lowest value. The association between HIN and FRY was lower than expected, suggesting that HIN in early stages was not reliable as indirect selection for FRY in later stages. There was a consistent decrease in the average performance of clones grown in PYTs compared with the earlier evaluation of the same genotypes at SRTs. A feasible explanation for this trend is the impact of the environment on the physiological and nutritional status of the planting material and/or epigenetic effects. The usefulness of HIN is questioned. Measuring this variable takes considerable efforts at harvest time. DMC and FRY showed a weak positive association in SRT (r = 0.21) but a clearly negative one at UYT (r = −0.42). The change in the relationship between these variables is the result of selection. In later stages of selection, the plant is forced to maximize productivity on a dry weight basis either by maximizing FRY or DMC, but not both. Alternatively, the plant may achieve high dry root yield by simultaneously attaining “acceptable” (but not maximum) levels of FRY and DMC.

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“…Erect, non-branching types, however, are often preferred by farmers because they facilitate cultural practices, enhance the production of stems (the vegetative planting material), and transport and storage of non-branched stems is easier. The long stems of non-branching types tend to retain their sprouting capacity for longer storage periods, thus it has become an important adaptive trait (Ceballos et al, 2011). Molecular markers for height of first branching have been identified (Boonchanawiwat et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of flowering in cassava through grafting

Ceballos¹,

Jaramillo²,

Salazar³

et al. 2017

J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci.

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Flowering in cassava is related to branching. Erect plant architecture is usually preferred by farmers but results in late and scarce flowering, which slows down breeding and genetic studies. The objective of this study was to induce earlier and more abundant flowering, which have become key research needs for cassava. Six non-or late-flowering genotypes were selected for grafting on a profuse, early flowering understock. Grafted stems did not branch and flower while attached to the understock. Four cuttings from each grafted stem were taken and planted the following season. Paired-row cuttings from non-grafted stems of the same genotypes were planted as checks. Three phenotypic responses to grafting were found. One genotype failed to branch and flower, independently of the origin of the cuttings. Four genotypes branched but did not produce flowers. However, plants from grafted cuttings tended to branch earlier, particularly after the second branching event. Finally, in one genotype, grafting induced not only earlier branching but also earlier and more abundant production of flowers, fruits and seeds than their counterparts of plants from non-grafted stems. This is the first report of grafting effects on the induction of earlier flowering in cassava. Results indicated a delayed effect of grafting which was genotype-dependent based on materials used in this study. The contrasting responses to grafting may be useful for understanding the effect of plant growth regulators and photoperiod manipulations of ongoing research.

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Adaptation of Cassava to Changing Climates

Cited by 48 publications

References 41 publications

Improvement of spatial modelling of crop suitability using a new digital soil map of Tanzania

Improvement of spatial modelling of crop suitability using a new digital soil map of Tanzania

Cassava Breeding II: Phenotypic Correlations through the Different Stages of Selection

Induction of flowering in cassava through grafting

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