Adaptation of Four Pathogens to Semi-Arid Habitats as Conditioned by Penetration Rate and Germinating Spore Survival

Bashi, Esther

doi:10.1094/phyto-64-1035

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Thus, the resistance phenomena (l, 2, 21, 26, 27, 46) and geographical distribution (3, 4,5,6, J 5, 18, 19,25,29,31,33,42,43,44,45, 47) are best known for S. solani, but various ecological and physiological processes were studied mostly with S. botryosum f. sp. lycopersici (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,38,39,40). In addition, the limited ecological and physiological information concerning S. solani and S. floridanum was published in the 1950s (21,24,34) and the subject has not been treated in more recent studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the present status of theStemphylium complex in tomato foliage

Rotem

Bashi

1977

Phytoparasitica

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Stemphylium suttmi. S. flOridanum, and S. botryosum f sp. iycopersici differ in some taxonomic details but cause similar symptoms on tomato foliage. In all three species similar genetic source, confer resistance, the host-free sell50n is assumed to be passed in debris, and Warm ~ones are preferred to temperate zones. The limited infQUl'lation available on the processes of ipfection and sporulation in S. Jolani and S. flori&lnum prevents a critical comparison with S. botryosum f. sp. lycopersici, for which these processes wefl~ studied in detaiL Host age does not affect 5UsceptibiliCy to S. Uli4l'1i or S. jlorlt/anum, which also requite short wettings for infection. Six-to eight-week-old planu are most susceptible to S. botryosum r.sp.lycopenici, which infects (and sporuilltes) after a iong wetting period or several short wettings iIlterspened with dry intervals. The proce~s [)f infection lind sparula tion are rela tively insensitive to tempera ture. Little is known about factors affecting epidemics of S so/ani and S. floridanum. Epidemics of S. botryosum f. sp. l)'cope~ici in Israel are facilitated mainly by prolonged wettings pue to a combination of sprinkler irrigation and dew. Because of the slow build up of inoculum the disease Ieache~ its peak late in the season, whim host .susceptibility decreases_ Despite some differences among the three Stemphylium spp. but considering the similarities, and especially their possible oCcurrence in the ~me field and on the same plant, it is suggested to combine all three diseases under a C

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogen can make use of several short wettings interspersed with dry periods. Infection takes place when the sum of the in· terrupted wetting periods approaches the total length required (8). Such a mechanism helps S. botryosum f. sp.…”

Section: Infection and Colonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the present status of theStemphylium complex in tomato foliage

Rotem

Bashi

1977

Phytoparasitica

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“…The temperature boundaries for infection by Alternaria species determined by Bashi and Rotem (1974) were used to describe the development of early blight and brown spot in this study. An "infection day" for early blight was defined as any day in which the minimum temperature was above 10°C, the maximum below 35°C, and average relative humidity above 75%.…”

Section: A Solani and A Alternatamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature requirements for spore germination and subsequent infection of the leaves by A. solani vary in different reports, although it is clear that the maximum temperature for growth of these fungi is <40°C (Waggoner and Parlange 1975;Rotem 1994;Chaerani and Voorrips 2006). However, according to Bashi and Rotem (1974), who did extensive studies on these pathogens, under favourable relative humidity or leaf wetness, the minimum, optimum and maximum temperatures required for infection are 10°C, 25°C and 35°C, respectively. Van der Waals et al (2003) have shown that the development of early blight in South Africa also occurs at these temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate Change and Potato Production in Contrasting South African Agro-Ecosystems 3. Effects on Relative Development Rates of Selected Pathogens and Pests

et al. 2013

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A set of daily weather data simulations for 1961 to 2050 were used to calculate past and future trends in pest and disease pressure in potato cropping systems at three agro-ecologically distinct sites in South Africa: the Sandveld, the Eastern Free State and Limpopo. The diseases and pests modelled were late blight, early blight and brown spot, blackleg and soft rot, root-knot nematodes and the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (as indicator of Potato virus Y and Potato leaf roll virus). The effects of climate on trends in relative development rates of these pathogens and pests were modelled for each pathogen and pest using a set of quantitative parameters, which included specific temperature and moisture requirements for population growth, compiled from literature. Results showed that the cumulative relative development rate (cRDR) of soft rot and blackleg, root-knot nematodes and M. persicae will increase over the 90-year period in the areas under consideration. The cRDR of early blight and brown spot is likely to increase in the wet winter and wet summer crops of the Sandveld and Eastern Free State, respectively, but remains unchanged in the dry summer and dry winter crops of the Sandveld and Limpopo, respectively. Climate change will decrease the cRDR of late blight in all of the cropping systems modelled, except in the wet winter crop of the Sandveld. These results help to set priorities in research and breeding, specifically in relation to management strategies for diseases and pests.Potato Research (2013) 56:67-84 DOI 10.1007/s11540-013-9231-

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Techniques of Controlled-Condition Experiments

Rotem

1988

Experimental Techniques in Plant Disease Epidemiology

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Adaptation of Four Pathogens to Semi-Arid Habitats as Conditioned by Penetration Rate and Germinating Spore Survival

Cited by 45 publications

References 6 publications

A review of the present status of theStemphylium complex in tomato foliage

A review of the present status of theStemphylium complex in tomato foliage

Climate Change and Potato Production in Contrasting South African Agro-Ecosystems 3. Effects on Relative Development Rates of Selected Pathogens and Pests

Techniques of Controlled-Condition Experiments

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