Adaptation of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>ATCC 15442 to didecyldimethylammonium bromide induces changes in membrane fatty acid composition and in resistance of cells

Méchin, L.; Dubois‐Brissonnet, Florence; Heyd, B.; Leveau, Jean-Yves

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00770.x

Cited by 82 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is doubtful that true adaptation to TDA was seen in this study, as the tolerance was only 2-fold higher than that of nonadapted cells, whereas in the literature for quaternary ammonium compounds and the antimicrobial peptide cecropin B, it was reported to be many folds higher (23,31,43). The increased tolerance to TDA seen in this study could be the result of a phenotypic switch that is rapidly reversed after exposure to TDA.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

“…Another possibility is that TDA targets functions (genes) which are essential for bacterial survival and growth. A slow adaptation to gradually increasing concentrations of the drug has proven to be a successful way of obtaining stable strains with enhanced tolerance to an antimicrobial peptide and to biocides (24,31,35,47), but a similar approach was not successful in this study, as S. Typhimurium SL1344 immediately lost the gained tolerance. Previous studies showed a gradual deadaptation of the decreased sensitivity to different biocides (23,31,43,47); however, Sallum and Chen reported previously that tolerance to the antimicrobial peptide cecropin B was abolished after one passage in fresh medium without the peptide (43), as found in the present study with TDA and TDA extract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Resistance and Tolerance to Tropodithietic Acid, an Antimicrobial in Aquaculture, Is Hard To Select

Porsby

Webber

Nielsen

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The antibacterial compound tropodithietic acid (TDA) is produced by bacteria of the marine Roseobacter clade and is thought to explain the fish probiotic properties of some roseobacters. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibacterial spectrum of TDA and the likelihood of development of TDA resistance. A bacterial extract containing 95% TDA was effective against a range of human-pathogenic bacteria, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. TDA was bactericidal against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 and Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493 and killed both growing and nongrowing cells. Several experimental approaches were used to select mutants resistant to TDA or subpopulations of strains with enhanced tolerance to TDA. No approach (single exposures to TDA extract administered via different methods, screening of a transposon library for resistant mutants, or prolonged exposure to incremental concentrations of TDA) resulted in resistant or tolerant strains. After more than 300 generations exposed to sub-MIC and MIC concentrations of a TDA-containing extract, strains tolerant to 2؋ the MIC of TDA for wild-type strains were selected, but the tolerance disappeared after one passage in medium without TDA extract. S. Typhimurium mutants with nonfunctional efflux pump and porin genes had the same TDA susceptibility as wild-type strains, suggesting that efflux pumps and porins are not involved in innate tolerance to TDA. TDA is a promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial in part due to the fact that enhanced tolerance is difficult to gain and that the TDA-tolerant phenotype appears to confer only low-level resistance and is very unstable.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Resistance and Tolerance to Tropodithietic Acid, an Antimicrobial in Aquaculture, Is Hard To Select

Porsby

Webber

Nielsen

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Similarly, as with many other disinfectants, bacterial resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) has recently caused serious problems. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates have frequently been found to be resistant to QACs (3,4,5,9,11,19,27,28). P. aeruginosa is ubiquitous in the environment and shows intrinsic resistance to high levels of QACs (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Resistance ofPseudomonas aeruginosato Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Expression of Outer Membrane Protein OprR

Tabata

Nagamune

Maeda

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The adaptation mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) was investigated. A P. aeruginosa strain with adapted resistance to QACs was developed by a standard broth dilution method. It was revealed that P. aeruginosa exhibited remarkable resistance to N-dodecylpyridinium iodide (P-12), whose structure is similar to that of a common disinfectant, cetylpyridinium chloride. Adapted resistance to benzalkonium chloride (BAC), which is commonly used as a disinfectant, was also observed in P. aeruginosa. Moreover, the P-12-resistant strain exhibited cross-resistance to BAC. Analysis of the outer membrane protein of the P-12-resistant strain by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a significant increase in the level of expression of a protein (named OprR) whose molecular mass was approximately 26 kDa. The actual function of OprR is not yet clear; however, OprR was expected to be an outer membrane-associated protein with homology to lipoproteins of other bacterial species, according to a search of the National Center for Biotechnology Information website with the BLAST program by use of the Nterminal sequence of OprR. A correlation between the level of expression of OprR and the level of resistance of P. aeruginosa to QACs was observed by using a PA2800 gene knockout mutant derived from the P-12-resistant strain. The knockout mutant recovered susceptibility not only to P-12 but also to BAC. These results suggested that OprR significantly participated in the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to QACs, such as P-12 and BAC.In recent years, disinfectants have been used indiscriminately because of our increased desire for cleanliness. The boom in "antibacterial" products has accelerated these trends. Furthermore, the indiscriminate use of disinfectants provides a hotbed for the adaptation of bacteria to those products and increases the spread of resistant bacteria. Similarly, as with many other disinfectants, bacterial resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) has recently caused serious problems. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates have frequently been found to be resistant to QACs (3,4,5,9,11,19,27,28). P. aeruginosa is ubiquitous in the environment and shows intrinsic resistance to high levels of QACs (18). The intrinsic resistance of this organism seems to be due to the cell wall and the cell membrane; for example, antimicrobials cannot easily access their sites of action because of the lower level of permeability of the outer membrane (14), and efflux pumps cause enhanced levels of efflux of antimicrobials (8). Moreover, since the species has a broad range of growth temperatures and possesses sturdy metabolism pathways, in addition to high levels of resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants, it is difficult to control with antimicrobials and has been shown to be an opportunistic pathogen and an infectious pathogen in hospitals. The phenotypic changes in P. aeruginosa cells corresponding to the increased levels of resistance to QACs have been investigated a...

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“…11 Para P. aeruginosa adaptada em brometo de didecildimetil amônio, foi observado aumento nos ácidos graxos hidroxilados, sugerindo modificações também no lipídeo A, limitando a penetração do biocida pela membrana externa e mantendo a fluidez da membrana para a sobrevivência e crescimento da célula em presença do biocida. 8 Em B. cepacia, não foram verificadas alterações nas características nutricionais ou bioquímicas entre isolado clínico, resistente a 0,05% de cloreto de benzalcônio e com resistência induzida a 16% do biocida, observando-se apenas redução da virulência entre os três grupos. 3 As alterações na camada lipopolissacarídica foram observadas também em relação às bactérias resistentes a outros antimicrobianos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Porém, são mais sensí-veis a outros compostos como o cloro e os compostos fenólicos, cujos modos de ação são completamente diferentes dos compostos de amônio quaternário. 5,8 Seis amostras, apesar de contaminadas, foram eficientes quando avaliadas utilizando-se bactérias-padrão para desinfetantes de uso domiciliar.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação da contaminação bacteriana em desinfetantes de uso domiciliar

2000

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar desinfetantes de uso domiciliar, identificando a presença de bactérias contaminantes, e conhecer o nível de tolerância dessas bactérias ao cloreto de benzalcônio. MÉTODOS: Foram adquiridas aleatoriamente no comércio da região metropolitana de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, 52 amostras de desinfetantes de uso domiciliar para análise quanto à presença de bactérias contaminantes. O nível de tolerância dessas bactérias ao cloreto de benzalcônio foi determinado pelo método da macrodiluição em caldo. RESULTADOS: De 52 amostras, 16 (30,77%) estavam contaminadas por bactérias Gram negativas, com contagens variando entre 10(4) e 10(6) UFC/ml. Esses contaminantes foram identificados como Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, Burkholderia cepacia e Serratia marcescens. As Concentrações Inibitórias Mínimas (CIM: mg/ml) do cloreto de benzalcônio para S. marcescens, A. xylosoxidans e B. cepacia foram: 2,48, 1,23 e 0,30, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES Os desinfetantes de uso domiciliar à base de compostos de amônio quaternário são passíveis de contaminação por bactérias. As CIM do cloreto de benzalcônio para as bactérias contaminantes estavam abaixo das concentrações do princípio ativo presente nos desinfetantes, indicando que a tolerância ao biocida não é estável, podendo ser perdida com o cultivo das bactérias em meios de cultura sem o biocida.

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Adaptation ofPseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 15442 to didecyldimethylammonium bromide induces changes in membrane fatty acid composition and in resistance of cells

Cited by 82 publications

References 16 publications

Resistance and Tolerance to Tropodithietic Acid, an Antimicrobial in Aquaculture, Is Hard To Select

Resistance and Tolerance to Tropodithietic Acid, an Antimicrobial in Aquaculture, Is Hard To Select

Correlation between Resistance ofPseudomonas aeruginosato Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Expression of Outer Membrane Protein OprR

Avaliação da contaminação bacteriana em desinfetantes de uso domiciliar

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