The article presents the results of the analysis of the conditions for the development of agriculture for the period 2011-2022, which showed the formed high potential at the levels of state regulation, foreign economic activity and the agri-food market. The reaction of agribusiness was an accelerated scaling up of activities based on self-sufficiency and self-financing. Detailed studies of the economic adaptation of the agricultural sector of the economy, conducted on the materials of agricultural organizations of the Tambov region, showed the predominant use of modern approaches to increasing labor productivity. The possibility of full use of the potential for economic development of agriculture requires further improvement of the adaptation mechanism of the industry.