Adaptation of the Horizontal Vestibuloocular Reflex in Pilots

Lee, Moon Young; Kim, Min Sun; Park, Byung Rim

doi:10.1097/00005537-200405000-00021

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies which showed that the persons susceptible to motion sickness had higher than normal angular VOR gains in response to angular acceleration of 90°/s 2 [15], and to the rotations in the low frequency ranges (\0.08 Hz) [12,37]. However, previous studies debated on the increase of VOR gain during high frequency stimulation in those with motion sickness [12,16,38,39].…”

Section: Vestibular Dysfunction In Migrainesupporting

confidence: 92%

Vestibular dysfunction in migraine: effects of associated vertigo and motion sickness

et al. 2009

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The mechanisms of vestibular migraine and motion sickness remain unknown. The aims of this study were to determine interictal vestibular dysfunction in migraineurs according to associated dizziness/vertigo and motion sickness, and to find out whether impaired uvulonodular inhibition over the vestibular system underlies the vestibular symptoms and signs by measuring tilt suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). One hundred and thirty-one patients with migraine [65 with vestibular migraine (MV), 41 with migrainous dizziness (MD), and 25 with migraine only (MO)] and 50 normal controls underwent evaluation of vestibular function. Motion sickness was assessed using the motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire (MSSQ) and subjective scale. Compared with normal controls and MO group, patients with MV/MD showed increased VOR time constant (TC) and greater suppression of the post-rotatory nystagmus with forward head tilt. The mean MSSQ score and subjective scale were highest in MV group, followed by MD, MO, and controls (p = 0.002, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression model analyses revealed that motion sickness is an independent factor of TC prolongation (p = 0.024). Twenty-eight (21.4%) patients with migraine also showed perverted head shaking nystagmus and 12 (9.2%) had positional nystagmus. In view of the increased tilt suppression of the VOR, we speculate that dysfunction of the nodulus/uvula may not account for the prolonged TCs in MD/MV. Instead, innate hypersensitivity of the vestibular system may be an underlying mechanism of motion sickness and increased TC in MD/MV. The increased tilt suppression may be an adaptive cerebellar mechanism to suppress the hyperactive vestibular system in migraineurs.

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Section: Vestibular Dysfunction In Migrainesupporting

confidence: 92%

Vestibular dysfunction in migraine: effects of associated vertigo and motion sickness

et al. 2009

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“…When subjects were rotated with a higher acceleration (200°/s 2 ) in this and a previous study , there was no relation between the high frequency aVOR gain and motion sickness susceptibility. Consistent with this, Nachum et al (2002) did not find a difference between the aVOR gain of motion sickness susceptible and non-susceptible subjects at higher frequencies of stimulation (2-5 Hz), and Lee et al (2004) also concluded that the aVOR gain is not a parameter that can be used as a measure of adaptation to motion sickness.…”

Section: High Frequency Avor Contributions To Motion Sickness Susceptmentioning

confidence: 67%

Labyrinthine lesions and motion sickness susceptibility

2007

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The angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) has a fast pathway, which mediates compensatory eye movements, and a slow (velocity storage) pathway, which determines its low frequency characteristics and orients eye velocity toward gravity. We have proposed that motion sickness is generated through velocity storage, when its orientation vector, which lies close to the gravitational vertical, is misaligned with eye velocity during head motion. The duration of the misalignment, determined by the dominant time constant of velocity storage, causes the buildup of motion sickness. To test this hypothesis, we studied bilateral labyrinthine-defective subjects with short vestibular time constants but normal aVOR gains for their motion sickness susceptibility. Time constants and gains were taken from rotational responses. Motion sickness was generated by rolling the head while rotating, and susceptibility was assessed by the number of head movements made before reaching intolerable levels of nausea. More head movements signified lower motion sickness susceptibility. Labyrinthine-defective subjects made more head movements on their first exposure to roll while rotating than normals (39.8 ± 7.2 vs 13.7 ± 5.5; P < 0.0001). Normals were tested eight times, which habituated their time constants and reduced their motion sickness susceptibility. Combining data from all subjects, there was a strong inverse relationship between time constants and number of head movements (r = 0.94), but none between motion sickness susceptibility and aVOR gains. This provides further evidence that motion sickness is generated through velocity storage, not the direct pathway, and suggests that motion sickness susceptibility can be reduced by reducing the aVOR time constant.

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“…A recurrent fi nding has been that pilots have weaker or more short-lasting responses to rotatory stimuli ( 1,5,18 ). An increased gain value for nystagmus has also been reported ( 13,18 ). As regards spatial orientation, van Wulfften Palthe ( 24 ), in a pioneering study, performed experiments on the ability to perceive the change in roll position at the entering of a coordinated turn during fl ight.…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

The Perception of Roll Tilt in Pilots During a Simulated Coordinated Turn in a Gondola Centrifuge

Tribukait

Grönkvist²,

Eiken³

2011

aviat space environ med

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Adaptation of the Horizontal Vestibuloocular Reflex in Pilots

Abstract: We suggest that these results might be explained by adaptations caused by VOR plasticity rather than habituation and that flight training might be responsible for the modulation of the vestibular function in pilots.

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Vestibular dysfunction in migraine: effects of associated vertigo and motion sickness

Vestibular dysfunction in migraine: effects of associated vertigo and motion sickness

Labyrinthine lesions and motion sickness susceptibility

The Perception of Roll Tilt in Pilots During a Simulated Coordinated Turn in a Gondola Centrifuge

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