Adaptation of two citrus cultivars grafted on forner alcaide Nº 517 to super high-density system and evaluation of mechanized harvesting

Arenas, Francisco José Arenas; González-Chimeno, Ana Belén; Romero-Rodríguez, Estefenía; Casado, Germán; Bordas, Mireia; Torrents, Joan; Hervalejo, Áurea

doi:10.4322/crt.icc021

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…A greater reduction was noticed in Navel orange over FA 418 [65]. Yet, the rootstocks were tested under ultra-high-density conditions, between 1250 and 3333 plants ha −1 , and with mechanical harvesting (over-row continuous canopy shaking harvester) [66,67]. Additionally, FA 517 exhibited resistance to Citrus tristeza virus, to Phytophthora sp.…”

Section: Others Dwarfing Rootstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dwarfing Rootstocks for High-Density Citrus Orchards

Gonzatto¹,

Griebeler²,

Schwarz³

2022

Fruit Industry

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There is a worldwide trend regarding high density of fruit planting. In the last four decades, the Brazilian citriculture had increased the average planting density by more than 80%. The main reasons for this increase are the fast return on invested capital, the easiest management of cultural practices, and the control of strategies epidemics-associated (e.g., Huanglongbing). In that regard, the use and development of dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks are essential. The main dwarf rootstock known in citriculture is the Flying Dragon trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. var. monstrosa (T. Itô) Swing.] which greatly reduces the canopies volume allowing the design of dense and ultra-dense orchards. Currently, several citrus breeding programs are producing new cultivars of dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks. In this chapter, citrus rootstocks with dwarfing potential were approached including physiological aspects, horticultural performance, and behavior to phytosanitary problems. In addition to Flying Dragon, there are other dwarfing rootstocks which are hybrids of trifoliate oranges, like citrandarins, citrangedarins, citrumelandarins, and citrimonianandarins. Dwarfing rootstocks are one of the leading alternatives for citrus orchards in high-density planting systems.

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Section: Others Dwarfing Rootstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dwarfing Rootstocks for High-Density Citrus Orchards

Gonzatto¹,

Griebeler²,

Schwarz³

2022

Fruit Industry

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“…Therefore, manual harvesting has potential to be less expensive and more easily planned, if similar levels of productivity and tree RV are attained by high-density orchards on dwarfing rootstocks compared with those of traditional ones. Furthermore, smaller trees are more likely to enable mechanical harvesting of citrus, which may decrease harvesting costs by 50% [27,81,82]. This reinforces the need to breed better performing dwarfing rootstocks or improve management practices leading to higher productivities.…”

Section: Cropping Practices Can Benefit From Ultra-high Pedestrian Orchardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address such limitations, the tree size control has been evaluated in high-density citrus orchards, including the use of pruning [23], training systems [24], irrigation [25], and dwarfing rootstocks [26]. This last method is considered the most suitable to ensure that trees will be permanently trained to the allocated space, besides facilitating several practices including harvesting, scouting, and spraying [27]. In other woody fruit crops, high tree density associated with adapted varieties, either scions or rootstocks, allows for high-efficiency production systems [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perfect Match: Adjusting High Tree Density to Rootstock Vigor for Improving Cropping and Land Use Efficiency of Sweet Orange

et al. 2021

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The rise in the productivity of sweet orange in Brazil has been related to the use of superior rootstocks and higher tree density, among other factors. In order to investigate whether the cropping system and the land use efficiency would benefit from more intensive cultivation, the performance of Valencia sweet orange was evaluated over nine years on four rootstocks, which induced contrasting vigor, at 513, 696 and 1000 trees·ha−1. Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) 1697 and IAC 1710 citrandarins, and diploid and allotetraploid (4×) Swingle citrumelos were classified as semi-dwarfing, super-standard, standard, and dwarfing rootstocks, respectively. The fruit yield per tree was decreased at higher tree densities, notably for more vigorous rootstocks. Conversely, the cumulative productivity was increased over the evaluation period by 27% at 1000 trees·ha−1, irrespective of the rootstock, and the most vigorous rootstock resulted in 2.5 times higher production than the dwarfing one on average. Most fruit quality parameters were seldom influenced by the tree density, while the rootstock was a decisive factor in improving the quality and the soluble solids content. Dwarfing rootstocks allowed for harvesting 17% more fruit per minute by manual pickers. Because the tree row volume per area is lower with such rootstocks, even at higher tree density, spray volume can be reduced, although appropriate equipment should be developed for better spray coverage on smaller trees. Nine years after planting under strict vector control, the cumulative incidence of huanglongbing-symptomatic trees on IAC 1710 was double that on Swingle 4×. Taken together, the results suggested that the land use efficiency in the citrus industry can be further improved by planting vigorous rootstocks at moderate to high tree densities. Nevertheless, obtaining highly productive semi-dwarfing and dwarfing rootstocks is the sine qua non for making high-density pedestrian sweet orange orchards more profitable.

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“…Many efforts have been made to apply the mechanization in citrus production. Though the mechanical shaking can reduce labor cost and over 90% of fruits can be harvested in a short period (Arenas-Arenas et al, 2017), tree damaging is inevitable that lead to undermining the next crop (Pu et al, 2018). The mechanical vibration for harvesting is also incapable of small and medium lime orchards in the Mekong River Delta.…”

Section: Semi-mechanized Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the status of mechanization and proposing technical solutions for lime farming in the Mekong River Delta

Kha¹

2020

The J. Agric. Dev.

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This study was conducted to assess the current status of mechanization in lime growing activities of farmer households in the Mekong River Delta. The current status of mechanization was assessed through different groups of criteria that reflect the scale of mechanization level, resources of farmers applying mechanization, results, and production efficiency. The level of machine and technology application was assessed by building the mechanization index. With a sample of 555 lime farmer households in Long An and Ben Tre, the results showed that the application of machines and equipment in lime growing activities in the study area was quite limited. Households mainly used machines in two stages including land preparation (42% of households applying mechanization) and tree care (93 %). The growth rate and mechanization investment of the 2016-2019 period were almost unchanged. The estimated results of mechanization index showed that most of lime growers had a very low mechanization application level with an average value of only 0.09. In fact, 2% of the surveyed households do not invest in mechanization in lime production, 89.8% are in the group with very low mechanization level, 3.1% at low mechanization level, only 5.1% at medium mechanization level and no household had high mechanization application level. From the survey results, potential technical solutions for lime farming in the Mekong River Delta were also proposed, including mechanization for small and medium farms and mechanization considerations for plant care. Finally, in order to improve the quality of lime fruit, the semi-mechanization harvesting systems and appropriate storage facility and suitable packaging are highly recommended.

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Adaptation of two citrus cultivars grafted on forner alcaide Nº 517 to super high-density system and evaluation of mechanized harvesting

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Dwarfing Rootstocks for High-Density Citrus Orchards

Dwarfing Rootstocks for High-Density Citrus Orchards

The Perfect Match: Adjusting High Tree Density to Rootstock Vigor for Improving Cropping and Land Use Efficiency of Sweet Orange

Assessing the status of mechanization and proposing technical solutions for lime farming in the Mekong River Delta

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