Adaptation of Winter Barley Cultivars to Inversion and Non-Inversion Tillage for Yield and Rhynchosporium Symptoms

Abstract

Modern cereal cultivars are highly adapted to, and normally bred and trialled under, high input, high soil disturbance conditions. On-farm conditions are often suboptimal for high yield and frequently use minimal soil tillage, sometimes no-tillage, and therefore, cultivars may be differentially adapted to such conditions. We report a series of trials across 10 years comparing multiple cultivars within years and smaller numbers across years to identify stable cultivars showing preferential adaptation to different levels of soil tillage. Cultivars responded differentially to inversion and non-inversion tillage but were not affected by the level of cultivation within each of these tillage types. Yield declined over time but much more so in the non-inversion tillage treatment. Rhynchosporium symptoms were also increasingly suppressed in the non-inversion tillage type. Several cultivars were identified that showed strong adaptation to tillage type, and some of these were consistent across several trial years. These cultivars can be used to identify traits and genotypes associated with tillage adaptation to target breeding for on-farm conditions.

Effect of Jelly and Planting Depths on the Traits of Two Barley Verities

“…Table (3) depicts the presence of a considerable superiority of the local black variety in the characteristics of (SL) (5.80 cm), (NS.m 2 ) (450.80 spikes/m 2 ), (GY) (228.30 g) and (HI) (39.26 %) on the white variety, which superiority in (LAF) (13.23 cm 2 ), (NG/S) (17.50) and (SY) (375.40 g) were significantly different between the two cultivars, whereas traits plant height, (1000WG) and (BY) were not significant between the two cultivars. This result is also consistent with that of [4][5][6][7][8][9]. The depth of planting (8 cm) is clearly superior in most parameters, including (PH) (60.11 cm), (NS.m 2 ) (408.40 m 2 ), (NG/S) (19.62), (BY) (632.10 g/m 2 ), (SY) (399.70 g/m 2 ) and (GY) (232.40 g/m 2 ), whereas depth (4 cm) was considerably superior than depth (8 cm) in the characteristic of (1000WG) (37.75 g) and the other traits did not show significant differences between the two planting depths, according to [12].…”

“…The results presented in Table (2) for the Telkef site show that the local black variety superiority the local white variety in characteristics of (PH) (62.28 cm), (SL) (6.05 cm), (NS.m 2 ) (464.90), (SY) (246.90 g), and (HI) (41.68 %), while the local white cultivar superiority the (LB) cultivar in characteristics of (LAF) (13.86 cm 2 ), (NG/S) (17.93) and (SY) (391.10 g) were significantly different between the two cultivars investigated, however there were no significant changes in (1000WG), (BY) and (HI). This conclusion is consistent with [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In characteristics of planting depths, it was discovered that depth (8 cm) was significantly superior to depth (8 cm) in the traits of (PH) (62.28 cm), (NS.m 2 ) (420.70 m 2 ), (BY) (647.10 gm/m 2 ), (SY) (404.80 g/m 2 ) and (SY) (242.30 gm/m 2 ) whereas depth (4 cm) was significantly superior to depth (8 cm) in the trait of (1000WG) (38.64 g).…”

“…Variety is one of the most important factors to consider when solving agricultural problems, such as low growth and yield, because selecting the appropriate variety with good qualities and high productivity, as well as using 1214 (2023) 012041 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1214/1/012041 2 some appropriate agricultural methods, allows this variety to increase productivity in the available conditions [3]. The findings of [4] and [5] studies revealed that there are significant differences in the characteristics of plant high, leaf area, yield, and its components between several barley varieties (Optic, Westminster, Waggon, Concerto, Fanfare, Hntro, Pipkn, Pastoral, Camion). [6] discovered substantial variations between a varieties of barley genotypes in the parameters of (NG/S), (NS.m 2 ), (GY) and (1000WG) in his study.…”