Adaptation reveals multi-stage coding of visual duration

Heron, James; Fulcher, Corinne; Collins, Howard; Whitaker, David; Roach, Neil W.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37614-3

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…The neurobehavioral correlation is also relevant to the current debate concerning where our subjective experience of time arises from within the temporal processing hierarchy ( Shima et al, 2016 ; Li et al, 2017a ; Heron et al, 2019 ). Some researchers have proposed that duration channels are located in early processing stages given psychophysical evidence showing that duration aftereffects exhibit modality ( Heron et al, 2012 ; Li et al, 2019 ) and, with visual stimuli, some degree of spatial specificity ( Fulcher et al, 2016 ; see also Johnston et al, 2006 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration Selectivity in Right Parietal Cortex Reflects the Subjective Experience of Time

Hayashi

Ivry

2020

J. Neurosci.

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The perception of duration in the subsecond range has been hypothesized to be mediated by the population response of duration-sensitive units, each tuned to a preferred duration. One line of support for this hypothesis comes from neuroimaging studies showing that cortical regions, such as in parietal cortex exhibit duration tuning. It remains unclear if this representation is based on the physical duration of the sensory input or the subjective duration, a question that is important given that our perception of the passage of time is often not veridical, but rather, biased by various contextual factors. Here we used fMRI to examine the neural correlates of subjective time perception in human participants. To manipulate perceived duration while holding physical duration constant, we employed an adaptation method, in which, prior to judging the duration of a test stimulus, the participants were exposed to a train of adapting stimuli of a fixed duration. Behaviorally, this procedure produced a pronounced negative aftereffect: A short adaptor biased participants to judge stimuli as longer and a long adaptor biased participants to judge stimuli as shorter. Duration tuning modulation, manifest as an attenuated BOLD response to stimuli similar in duration to the adaptor, was only observed in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) of the parietal lobe and middle occipital gyrus, bilaterally. Across individuals, the magnitude of the behavioral aftereffect was positively correlated with the magnitude of duration tuning modulation in SMG. These results indicate that duration-tuned neural populations in right SMG reflect the subjective experience of time. 3 Significance statement The subjective sense of time is a fundamental dimension of sensory experience. To investigate the neural basis of subjective time, we conducted an fMRI study, using an adaptation procedure that allowed us to manipulate perceived duration while holding physical duration constant. Regions within the occipital cortex and right parietal lobe showed duration tuning that was modulated when the test stimuli were similar in duration to the adaptor. Moreover, the magnitude of the distortion in perceived duration was correlated with the degree of duration tuning modulation in the parietal region. These results provide strong physiological evidence that the population coding of time in the right parietal cortex reflects our subjective experience of time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration Selectivity in Right Parietal Cortex Reflects the Subjective Experience of Time

Hayashi

Ivry

2020

J. Neurosci.

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“…Another interesting question is whether distortions of visual time induced by motor adaptation are the consequence of a change in the activity of a specific associative area (like Intraparietal Sculcus) or the result of a change in temporal processing inherited along multiple levels of the visual hierarchy (Webster, 2011(Webster, , 2015. For example, Heron, Fulcher, Collins, Whitaker, and Roach (2019) have recently demonstrated that adaptation-induced changes in duration estimates spread along several stages in the visual processing hierarchy. In particular, they reported that duration encoding mechanisms at monocular, depth-selective, and depth-invariant stages all play a distinct role in defining duration aftereffects.…”

Section: A B C Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distortions of visual time induced by motor adaptation.

Anobile

Domenici

Togoli

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Humans and other animals are able to make rough estimations of quantities using what has been termed the approximate number system (ANS). Much evidence suggests that sensitivity to numerosity correlates with symbolic math capacity, leading to the suggestion that the ANS may serve as a start-up tool to develop symbolic math. Many experiments have demonstrated that numerosity perception transcends the sensory modality of stimuli and their presentation format (sequential or simultaneous), but it remains an open question whether the relationship between numerosity and math generalizes over stimulus format and modality. Here we measured precision for estimating the numerosity of clouds of dots and sequences of flashes or clicks, as well as for paired comparisons of the numerosity of clouds of dots. Our results show that in children, formal math abilities correlate positively with sensitivity for estimation and paired-comparisons of the numerosity of visual arrays of dots. However, precision of numerosity estimation for sequences of flashes or sounds did not correlate with math, although sensitivities in all estimations tasks (for sequential or simultaneous stimuli) were strongly correlated with each other. In adults, we found no significant correlations between math scores and sensitivity to any of the psychophysical tasks. Taken together these results support the existence of a generalized number sense, and go on to demonstrate an intrinsic link between mathematics and perception of spatial, but not temporal numerosity.

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“…First, there is evidence supporting the existence of numerosity-selective ''channels'' or groups of neurons tuned to a preferred numerosity (Harvey & Dumoulin, 2017;Harvey, Fracasso, Petridou, & Dumoulin, 2015;Harvey, Klein, Petridou, & Dumoulin, 2013;Kutter, Bostroem, Elger, Mormann, & Nieder, 2018;Piazza, Izard, Pinel, Le Bihan, & Dehaene, 2004). Likewise, there is evidence suggesting that there are duration-selective channels tuned to a preferred duration that are dedicated to processing specific temporal features (Hayashi et al, 2015;Heron et al, 2012;Heron, Fulcher, Collins, Whitaker, & Roach, 2019;Ivry, 1996;Motala, Heron, McGraw, Roach, & Whitaker, 2018;Protopapa et al, 2019;Walker, Irion, & Gordon, 1981). The duration channels revealed using adaptation appear to encode the interval between the onset and offset duration of an event (Heron et al, 2012;Maarseveen, Paffen, Verstraten, & Hogendoorn, 2019), a finding which is further supported by neurophysiological studies in animals (Duysens, Schaafsma, & Orban, 1996;Ehrlich, Casseday, & Covey, 1997;He, Hashikawa, Ojima, & Kinouchi, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct temporal mechanisms modulate numerosity perception

et al. 2019

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Our ability to process numerical and temporal information is an evolutionary skill thought to originate from a common magnitude system. In line with a common magnitude system, we have previously shown that adaptation to duration alters numerosity perception. Here, we investigate two hypotheses on how duration influences numerosity perception. A channelbased hypothesis predicts that numerosity perception is influenced by adaptation of onset/offset duration channels which also encode numerosity or wire together with numerosity channels (duration/numerosity channels). Hence, the onset/offset duration of the adapter is driving the effect regardless of the total duration of adaptation. A strength-of-adaptation hypothesis predicts that the effect of duration on numerosity perception is driven by the adaptation of numerosity channels only, with the total duration of adaptation driving the effect regardless of the onset/ offset duration of the adapter. We performed two experiments where we manipulated the onset/offset duration of the adapter, the adapter's total presentation time, and the total duration of the adaptation trial. The first experiment tested the effect of adaptation to duration on numerosity discrimination, whereas the second experiment tested the effect of adaptation to numerosity and duration on numerosity discrimination. We found that the effect of adaptation to duration on numerosity perception is primarily driven by adapting duration/numerosity channels, supporting the channel-based hypothesis. In contrast, the effect of adaptation to numerosity on numerosity perception appears to be driven by the total duration of the adaptation trial, supporting the strength-of-adaptation hypothesis. Thus, we show that adaptation of at least two temporal mechanisms influences numerosity perception.

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Adaptation reveals multi-stage coding of visual duration

Cited by 9 publications

References 75 publications

Duration Selectivity in Right Parietal Cortex Reflects the Subjective Experience of Time

Duration Selectivity in Right Parietal Cortex Reflects the Subjective Experience of Time

Distortions of visual time induced by motor adaptation.

Distinct temporal mechanisms modulate numerosity perception

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