Adaptation, speciation and extinction in the Anthropocene

Otto, Sarah P.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.2047

Cited by 152 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…, Tilman et al. ), with the result that the conditions prevailing in these anthropogenic environments now shape the evolutionary course of almost all species (Otto , Pelletier and Coltman ). Land use changes usually have the simultaneous effects of habitat loss, alteration, and/or fragmentation into small habitat patches isolated in a more or less hostile matrix (i.e., unsuitable habitat; Fahrig , Villard and Metzger ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic disturbance drives dispersal syndromes, demography, and gene flow in amphibian populations

Cayuela

Besnard

Côté

et al. 2020

Ecological Monographs

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P. L ena. 2020. Anthropogenic disturbance drives dispersal syndromes, demography, and gene flow in amphibian populations. Ecological Monographs 90(2):Abstract. There is growing evidence that anthropogenic landscapes can strongly influence the evolution of dispersal, particularly through fragmentation, and may drive organisms into an evolutionary trap by suppressing dispersal. However, the influence on dispersal evolution of anthropogenic variation in habitat patch turnover has so far been largely overlooked. In this study, we examined how human-driven variation in patch persistence affects dispersal rates and distances, determines dispersal-related phenotypic specialization, and drives neutral genetic structure in spatially structured populations. We addressed this issue in an amphibian, Bombina variegata, using an integrative approach combining capture-recapture modeling, demographic simulation, common garden experiments, and population genetics. B. variegata reproduces in small ponds that occur either in habitat patches that are persistent (i.e., several decades or more), located in riverine environments with negligible human activity, or in patches that are highly temporary (i.e., a few years), created by logging operations in intensively harvested woodland. Our capture-recapture models revealed that natal and breeding dispersal rates and distances were drastically higher in spatially structured populations (SSPs) in logging environments than in riverine SSPs. Population simulations additionally showed that dispersal costs and benefits drive the fate of logging SSPs, which cannot persist without dispersal. The common garden experiments revealed that toadlets reared in laboratory conditions have morphological and behavioral specialization that depends on their habitat of origin. Toadlets from logging SSPs were found to have higher boldness and exploration propensity than those from riverine SSPs, indicating transgenerationally transmitted dispersal syndromes. We also found contrasting patterns of neutral genetic diversity and gene flow in riverine and logging SSPs, with genetic diversity and effective population size considerably higher in logging than in riverine SSPs. In parallel, intrapatch inbreeding and relatedness levels were lower in logging SSPs. Controlling for the effect of genetic drift and landscape connectivity, gene flow was found to be higher in logging than in riverine SSPs. Taken together, these results indicate that anthropogenic variation in habitat patch turnover may have an effect at least as important as landscape fragmentation on dispersal evolution and the long-term viability and genetic structure of wild populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic disturbance drives dispersal syndromes, demography, and gene flow in amphibian populations

Cayuela

Besnard

Côté

et al. 2020

Ecological Monographs

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“…), which are considered among the main causes of habitat loss/fragmentation and populations declines, have been rapidly rising to an alarmingly level worldwide [2,3]. Traditionally, wildlife conservation priorities have been focused on megafauna, since species with a large body size have been associated with high extinction risks [4]. However, small body size can also be an important extinction driver [5], possibly exacerbated by species limiting ecological traits (e.g., short dispersal distances), restricted, and/or fragmented distribution and habitat specialization [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Microhabitat Suitability for an Endangered Small Mammal Using Sentinel-2 Data

et al. 2020

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Accurate mapping is a main challenge for endangered small-sized terrestrial species. Freely available spatio-temporal data at high resolution from multispectral satellite offer excellent opportunities for improving predictive distribution models of such species based on fine-scale habitat features, thus making it easier to achieve comprehensive biodiversity conservation goals. However, there are still few examples showing the utility of remote-sensing-based products in mapping microhabitat suitability for small species of conservation concern. Here, we address this issue using Sentinel-2 sensor-derived habitat variables, used in combination with more commonly used explanatory variables (e.g., topography), to predict the distribution of the endangered Cabrera vole (Microtus cabrerae) in agrosilvopastorial systems. Based on vole surveys conducted in two different seasons over a~176,000 ha landscape in Southern Portugal, we assessed the significance of each predictor in explaining Cabrera vole occurrence using the Boruta algorithm, a novel Random forest variant for dealing with high dimensionality of explanatory variables. Overall, results showed a strong contribution of Sentinel-2-derived variables for predicting microhabitat suitability of Cabrera voles. In particular, we found that photosynthetic activity (NDI45), specific spectral signal (SWIR1), and landscape heterogeneity (Rao's Q) were good proxies of Cabrera voles' microhabitat, mostly during temporally greener and wetter conditions. In addition to remote-sensing-based variables, the presence of road verges was also an important driver of voles' distribution, highlighting their potential role as refuges and/or corridors. Overall, our study supports the use of remote-sensing data to predict microhabitat suitability for endangered small-sized species in marginal areas that potentially hold most of the biodiversity found in human-dominated landscapes. We believe our approach can be widely applied to other species, for which detailed habitat mapping over large spatial extents is difficult to obtain using traditional descriptors. This would certainly contribute to improving conservation planning, thereby contributing to global conservation efforts in landscapes that are managed for multiple purposes.

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“…In the last century, ecosystems have experienced high rates of anthropogenic pressure including changes in climate, causing species to shift their ranges and/or significantly altering and even collapsing communities and ecosystems (Otto, 2018). Individuals require a specific habitat with the ideal abiotic and biotic conditions for development, reproduction and survival (Hanski, 2005;Kaweski, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrow oviposition preference of an insect herbivore risks survival under conditions of severe drought

Salgado

DiLeo

Saastamoinen

2020

Preprint

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ABSTRACTUnderstanding species’ habitat preferences are crucial to predict organisms’ responses to the current climate crisis. In many insects, maternal habitat selection for oviposition essentially determines offspring performance. Whether changes in climatic conditions may pose future mismatches in oviposition preference and offspring performance when mothers continue to prefer microhabitats that now threaten offspring survival is an open question.To address this, we tested if oviposition preferences put offspring at risk in the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) under drought stress. Mainly, we focus on identifying the microhabitat determinants for oviposition and the variation of conditions experienced by the sessile offspring, using field observations from 12 populations collected over 2015-2018. These data are combined with ten years of larval nest and precipitation data to understand within-population patterns of habitat selection. We tested whether the preferred microhabitats maximized the extended larval performance (i.e. overwinter survival).We found that females preferentially oviposited in microhabitats with higher host plant abundance and higher proportion of host plants with signs of drought stress. In most years, larval nests had higher survival in these drought-stressed microhabitats. However, in an extremely dry year, only two nests survived over the summer.Our results highlight that a failure to shift habitat preference under extreme climate conditions may have drastic consequences for the survival of natural populations under changing climatic conditions.

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Adaptation, speciation and extinction in the Anthropocene

Cited by 152 publications

References 90 publications

Anthropogenic disturbance drives dispersal syndromes, demography, and gene flow in amphibian populations

Anthropogenic disturbance drives dispersal syndromes, demography, and gene flow in amphibian populations

Predicting Microhabitat Suitability for an Endangered Small Mammal Using Sentinel-2 Data

Narrow oviposition preference of an insect herbivore risks survival under conditions of severe drought

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