Adaptation strategies of horses with induced forelimb lameness walking on a treadmill

Bragança, F. M. Serra; Hernlund, Elin; Thomsen, Maj Halling; Waldern, Nina M.; Rhodin, Marie; Byström, Anna; Weeren, P.R. van; Weishaupt, Michael A

doi:10.1111/evj.13344

Cited by 15 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The difference between the diagonal and ipsilateral support durations are in contrast to observations in horses for which slightly shorter diagonal support durations were found compared with ipsilateral durations (0.12 versus 0.13 respectively) in the walk [25].…”

Section: Temporal and Distal Limb Angle Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 97%

“…The differences in stance duration between the front and hind limbs might suggest a difference in protraction and retraction angle of the distal limbs. In a previous study in cows [1] and in horses [25], a duty factor of around 0.63 was found, which is in agreement with the fraction of the entire stride duration found for the hind limbs in this study.…”

Section: Temporal and Distal Limb Angle Analysissupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Cows show a similar protraction pattern as horses in walk, where the maximal protraction was reported an equal 19.6 degrees for both the front and hind legs. Retraction angles in horses differed between front and hind legs as well, but in contrast to cows a larger retraction has been observed for the hind legs (28.2 versus 23.0 degrees) [25]. This difference might be caused by the more sickle-hocked posture of the hind limbs in cows.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 78%

“…On a group level, a median fraction of 0.16 was found, with a median fraction around 0.14 for involvement of a single front limb and 0.18 for involvement of a single hind limb, indicating again that cows tend to stand longer when both front limbs are on the ground. In horses in the walk, all support durations were shorter, around 0.12 of the entire stride duration [25].…”

Section: Temporal and Distal Limb Angle Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Limbs are indicated by LF (left front), RF (right front), LH (left hind) and RH (right hind). These definitions are adapted from horses [25].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinematic gait characteristics of straight line walk in clinically sound dairy cows

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study is to describe the kinematic gait characteristics of straight line walk in clinically sound dairy cows using body mounted Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) at multiple anatomical locations. The temporal parameters used are speed and non-speed normalized stance duration, bipedal and tripedal support durations, maximal protraction and retraction angles of the distal limbs and vertical displacement curves of the upper body. Gait analysis was performed by letting 17 dairy cows walk in a straight line at their own chosen pace while equipped with IMU sensors on tubera sacrale, left and right tuber coxae (LTC and RTC), back, withers, head, neck and all four lower limbs. Data intervals with stride by stride regularity were selected based on video data. For temporal parameters, the median was calculated and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated based on linear mixed model (LMM) analysis, while for limb and vertical displacement curves, the median and most typical curves were calculated. The temporal parameters and distal limb angles showed consistent results with low variance and LMM analysis showed non-overlapping CI for all temporal parameters. The distal limb angle curves showed a larger and steeper retraction angle range for the distal front limbs compared with the hind limbs. The vertical displacement curves of the sacrum, withers, LTC and RTC showed a consistent sinusoidal pattern while the head, back and collar curves were less consistent and showed more variation between and within cows. This kinematic description might allow to objectively differentiate between normal and lame gait in the future and determine the best anatomical location for sensor attachment for lameness detection purposes.

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Section: Temporal and Distal Limb Angle Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 97%

Section: Temporal and Distal Limb Angle Analysissupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Temporal and Distal Limb Angle Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Limbs are indicated by LF (left front), RF (right front), LH (left hind) and RH (right hind). These definitions are adapted from horses [25].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%