Adaptation to gratings: No compensatory advantages found

Barlow, H. B.; MacLeod, Donald I. A.; Meeteren, A. van

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(76)90241-8

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, some studies of visual adaptation appear to contradict this expectation. Many procedures have been used to imitate environmental change (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Though some studies found that behavioral and neuronal visual performance improved for stimuli prevailing in the new ("adapting") environment (20)(21)(22)(23), other studies found that performance did not change or it declined where it was expected to improve (16,20,23), or the changes occurred for stimuli very different from the adapting ones (20,23).…”

Section: Neuroscience Psychological and Cognitive Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sensory adaptation as optimal resource allocation

Gepshtein

Lesmes

Albright

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Fig. 1. The phylogenetic distribution of ABO phenotypes and genotypes. Shown is a phylogenetic tree of primate species, with a summary of phenotypic/ genotypic information given in the first column, and the genetic basis for the A versus B phenotype provided in the second column (functionally important codons at positions 266 and 268 are in uppercase letters). See Dataset S1 for the source of information about phenotypes/genotypes. Only species with available divergence times are represented here (34 of 40). The phylogenetic tree is drawn to scale, with divergence times (on the x axis) in millions of years taken from ref. 29. OWM, Old World monkeys; NWM, New World monkeys. Under a model of convergent evolution, these data suggest that A is the ancestral allele, and a turnover (e.g., a neutral substitution) occurred on the branch leading to Old World monkeys. If instead, B were ancestral, all Old World monkeys would have had to serendipitously converge from ATG to TTG to encode a leucine, whereas all New World monkeys and hominoids would have had to converge to the CTG codon.

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Section: Neuroscience Psychological and Cognitive Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sensory adaptation as optimal resource allocation

Gepshtein

Lesmes

Albright

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Evidence for a similar function for adaptation at various levels of cortical processing has been mixed. Some studies found enhanced discrimination of orientation, contrast and direction of motion following adaptation [2][3][4][5][6] but others did not [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation improves discrimination of face identity

Oruç

Barton

2011

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Whether face adaptation confers any advantages to perceptual processing remains an open question. We investigated whether face adaptation can enhance the ability to make fine discriminations in the vicinity of the adapted face. We compared face discrimination thresholds in three adapting conditions: (i) sameface: where adapting and test faces were the same, (ii) different-face: where adapting and test faces differed, and (iii) baseline: where the adapting stimulus was a blank. Discrimination thresholds for morphed identity changes involving the adapted face (same-face) improved compared with those from both the baseline (no-adaptation) and different-face conditions. Since adapting to a face did not alter discrimination performance for other faces, this effect is selective for the facial identity that is adapted. These results indicate a form of gain control to heighten perceptual sensitivity in the vicinity of a currently viewed face, analogous to forms of adaptive gain control at lower levels of the visual system.

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“…Some differences between the present findings and others are also apparent. First, although both Legge (1981) and Barlow et al (1976) found that the effects of adaptation were greatest at low base contrasts, increment thresholds reported here changed at both low and high base contrasts. Second, Barlow et al reported no effect when the adapting contrast was less than or equal to the base contrast of the test pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many ways, the results reported here are similar to those obtained elsewhere with comparable procedures. Both Barlow et al (1976) and Legge (1981) reported either no change or slight increases (less than 20 %) in increment thresholds following adaptation. Legge also noted that the effects of adaptation appear smaller when measured with a forcedchoice procedure than when the method of adjustment is used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increment threshold of 2-cpd patterns was unaffected by adaptation. Barlow, Macleod, and van Meeteren (1976) found either no change in increment thresholds or a slight increase only when the contrast of the adapting pattern was high. Both Legge and Barlow et al reported that effects of adaptation were greatest at low base contrasts and effects were negligible for higher base contrasts.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Contrast-increment thresholds are related to variability in the apparent contrast function

Baro

Lehmkuhle

Applegate

1988

Perception & Psychophysics

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Although Fechner (1860Fechner ( /1912 asserted that the gain of a sensory system should determine its ability to resolve different stimulus magnitudes, most researchers have found that gain and resolving power are not consistently related. The present study assessed gain (measured by magnitude estimation) and increment threshold (measured by a forced-choice procedure) in the same observers under the same viewing conditions. It was found that gain and increment threshold were not inversely related, as proposed by Fechner. However, relative variability in apparent contrast (standard error/magnitude estimate) was correlated with relative increment threshold (increment thresholdlbackground contrast). This correlation was even higher following pattern adaptation. These findings imply that resolving power for contrast is determined by variability in the system's response to contrast rather than by its gain. Because this relationship is strengthened by adaptation, adaptation may reduce the contribution of other factors that add noise to the unadapted visual system.

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Adaptation to gratings: No compensatory advantages found

Cited by 62 publications

References 7 publications

Sensory adaptation as optimal resource allocation

Sensory adaptation as optimal resource allocation

Adaptation improves discrimination of face identity

Contrast-increment thresholds are related to variability in the apparent contrast function

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