Adaptation to progressive lenses by presbyopes

Alvarez, Tara L.; Han, Sang Jin; Kania, Crystal; Kim, Eun; Tsang, Oscar; Semmlow, John L.; Granger-Donetti, Bérangère; Pédrono, C.

doi:10.1109/ner.2009.5109255

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Several independent researchers have suggested that orthoptics may reduce visual symptoms in those with binocular dysfunction by increasing the rate and magnitude of phoria adaptation (the SFTS; R. North & Henson, 1981 ; R. V. North & Henson, 1992 ; C. M. Schor, 2009 ; Sreenivasan & Bobier, 2014 , 2015 ). Our laboratory and other independent groups have shown that sustained vision or the current state of the near dissociated phoria varies with the peak velocity of the FFPS (Alvarez et al, 2009 ; Jaschinski, Svede, & Jainta, 2008 ; Kim & Alvarez, 2012a ; Kim et al, 2010 ; Kim, Vicci, Granger-Donetti, & Alvarez, 2011 ; Kim, Vicci, Han, & Alvarez, 2011 ; Patel, Jiang, White, & Ogmen, 1999 ). It is currently unknown how repetitive vergence therapy modifies the interaction between the FFPS and SFTS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Disparity vergence responses before versus after repetitive vergence therapy in binocularly normal controls

Talasan

Scheiman

et al. 2016

Journal of Vision

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This study sought to determine whether significant changes would be observed between vergence eye movements before and after 12 hr of repetitive vergence therapy (1 hr per day on different days) in subjects with normal binocular vision compared to controls. Disparity vergence responses from 23 subjects were studied. An assessment protocol that minimized the influence of the near dissociated phoria on the disparity vergence system was designed. The following parameters were quantified for the responses: latency, time to peak velocity, settling time, peak velocity, and accuracy (difference between the response and stimulus amplitudes). The following outcomes were observed when comparing the results after vergence therapy to the baseline measurements: (a) near point of convergence and near dissociated phoria did not significantly change (p > 0.15); (b) latency, time to peak velocity, and settling time significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.01); and (c) accuracy significantly improved (p < 0.01). Results support that vergence peak velocity is dependent on the subject's near dissociated phoria. The accuracy and temporal properties of vergence eye movement responses from subjects with normal binocular vision can be improved after vergence therapy. These methods can be utilized within future studies to quantitatively assess vergence therapy techniques for patients with binocular dysfunction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Disparity vergence responses before versus after repetitive vergence therapy in binocularly normal controls

Talasan

Scheiman

et al. 2016

Journal of Vision

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“…The optical characteristic of progressive addition lenses is the gradual change in near‐vision addition power: the conventional, general purpose PAL is designed for continuous clear vision between infinity and near reading distances, while the benefit of using the gradual addition power is limited to the central vertical progressive zone because astigmatic aberrations are optically inevitable at some eccentricity. The acceptance of progressive lenses in everyday vision can depend on the optical lens characteristics and on individual eye movement characteristics . The blurred and distorted vision through the peripheral and lower parts of the lens can affect the perception of steps and may lead to more variable foot positioning and an even higher risk of falling .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acceptance of progressive lenses in everyday vision can depend on the optical lens characteristics 6 and on individual eye movement characteristics. [7][8][9][10][11] The blurred and distorted vision through the peripheral and lower parts of the lens can affect the perception of steps and may lead to more variable foot positioning and an even higher risk of falling. [12][13][14] Furthermore, eye movements as well as gaze stabilisation take longer, while the wearer needs to find the area with the optimal focus for a given viewing distance during near and intermediate tasks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of progressive addition lenses for general purpose and for computer vision: an office field study

Jaschinski

König

Mekontso

et al. 2015

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Background: Two types of progressive addition lenses (PALs) were compared in an office field study: 1. General purpose PALs with continuous clear vision between infinity and near reading distances and 2. Computer vision PALs with a wider zone of clear vision at the monitor and in near vision but no clear distance vision. Methods: Twenty-three presbyopic participants wore each type of lens for two weeks in a double-masked four-week quasi-experimental procedure that included an adaptation phase (Weeks 1 and 2) and a test phase (Weeks 3 and 4). Questionnaires on visual and musculoskeletal conditions as well as preferences regarding the type of lenses were administered. After eight more weeks of free use of the spectacles, the preferences were assessed again. The ergonomic conditions were analysed from photographs. Results: Head inclination when looking at the monitor was significantly lower by 2.3 degrees with the computer vision PALs than with the general purpose PALs. Vision at the monitor was judged significantly better with computer PALs, while distance vision was judged better with general purpose PALs; however, the reported advantage of computer vision PALs differed in extent between participants. Accordingly, 61 per cent of the participants preferred the computer vision PALs, when asked without information about lens design. After full information about lens characteristics and additional eight weeks of free spectacle use, 44 per cent preferred the computer vision PALs. Conclusion: On average, computer vision PALs were rated significantly better with respect to vision at the monitor during the experimental part of the study. In the final forced-choice ratings, approximately half of the participants preferred either the computer vision PAL or the general purpose PAL. Individual factors seem to play a role in this preference and in the rated advantage of computer vision PALs.

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“…After successful orthoptic therapy, the number of phasic convergence responses containing saccades significantly decreased when the peak velocity of the PV response normalized (Alvarez et al, 2010;Alvarez & Kim, 2013;Daftari, Alvarez, Chua, Demarco, & Ciufieda, 2003;Semmlow, Chen, Pedrono, & Alvarez, 2008). This group also identified a strong inverse relationship between the frequency of saccadic vergence interactions in the presbyopic patient's ability to adapt to multifocal progressive lenses, as well as the peak velocity of the pulse component of the PV mechanism (Alvarez et al, 2009;Tsang, Kim, Granger-Donetti, Semmlow, & Alvarez, 2010). Consistent with these studies, a correlation analysis of the frequency of saccadic vergence with the phasic peak velocity revealed a strong inverse correlation for both 28 (r ¼À0.75, p ¼ 0.03) and 48 (r ¼À0.89, p ¼ 0.003) step vergence responses in our data.…”

Section: Saccadic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The effects of stimulus direction on SV responses, on the other hand, remains unclear (Brautaset & Jennings, 2005;Sethi & North, 1987). In addition, recent evidence has indicated a strong relationship between peak velocity and shortterm sensorimotor adaptations within the PV mechanism (Alvarez et al, 2009). Current models predict similar directional asymmetries and adaptive relationships should exist in SV, if PV is truly the driving stimulus for tonic vergence innervation change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetries between convergence and divergence reveal tonic vergence is dependent upon phasic vergence function

Erkelens

Bobier

2017

Journal of Vision

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Horizontal vergence eye movements are controlled by two processes, phasic and slow-tonic. Slow-tonic responses are hypothesized to be stimulated by the faster, pulse-step neural output of the phasic system. This suggests that the general behavior of each system should be similar; however, this relationship has yet to be investigated directly. We characterize the relationship between phasic and tonic vergence by quantifying directional asymmetries in the response properties of each mechanism to the same disparity amplitudes. Four subjects viewed symmetric steps in disparity dichoptically at 40 cm while eye movements were recorded with infrared oculography. First- and second-order phasic and slow-tonic convergence response properties increased linearly with disparity demand (p < 0.01), whereas divergence responses did not (p > 0.05). Phasic divergence responses were slower than convergence (p = 0.012) and were associated with a higher frequency of saccades (p < 0.001). The average rate of slow-tonic change was correlated to the average peak velocity of phasic vergence at the same vergence demand in both directions, r = 0.78, p < 0.0001. Clear directional asymmetries were observed in phasic and tonic vergence responses. The response properties of the slow-tonic mechanism varied directly with the peak velocity of the complementary phasic system. These results provide empirical evidence of the relationship between phasic and slow-tonic vergence, suggesting that the latter depends on the motor function of the former, specifically the peak velocity. The recruitment of additional oculomotor mechanisms, such as saccades, improved the phasic response properties of the slower divergence mechanism but did not directly influence the response behavior of the slow-tonic mechanism.

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Adaptation to progressive lenses by presbyopes

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Disparity vergence responses before versus after repetitive vergence therapy in binocularly normal controls

Disparity vergence responses before versus after repetitive vergence therapy in binocularly normal controls

Comparison of progressive addition lenses for general purpose and for computer vision: an office field study

Asymmetries between convergence and divergence reveal tonic vergence is dependent upon phasic vergence function

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