Adaptations of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in response to high‐macronutrient diets in juvenile grass carp

Xie, Ningning; Huang, Wen; Xie, Shouqi; Jiang, Ming; Yu, Lijuan; Wu, Fan; Lü, Xing; Meng, Xiaolin; Jian, Tian

doi:10.1111/anu.13311

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In this study, the liver glycogen contents in HS group were significantly higher than those in LS group, which is consistent with previous reports in common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) (Arenas et al, 2021), Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) (Zhang et al, 2021a) and juvenile grass carp (Xie et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Previous studies reported that the increase in carbohydrates in the feed also led to the increase in glycogen contents in the liver (Arenas et al, 2021; Moreira et al, 2008). In this study, the liver glycogen contents in HS group were significantly higher than those in LS group, which is consistent with previous reports in common snook ( Centropomus undecimalis ) (Arenas et al, 2021), Chinese perch ( Siniperca chuatsi ) (Zhang et al, 2021a) and juvenile grass carp (Xie et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on the growth, glycometabolism, antioxidant capacity and metabolome of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides )

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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In order to evaluate the effects of carbohydrate levels on the growth, glycometabolism, antioxidant capacity and metabolome of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), two test diets were prepared with 100 g kg−1 α‐starch (LS group) and 200 g kg−1 α‐starch (HS group) respectively. Largemouth bass with an initial weight of 7.56 ± 0.02 g was fed for 8 weeks. Comparing to LS group, in HS group, the weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly reduced, the protein efficiency ratio (PER) was significantly improved, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity increased significantly, the hepatic glycogen content and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of largemouth bass increased significantly, catalase (CAT) activity and gene expression were significantly downregulated, while the dietary carbohydrate level had no significant effect on hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and gene expression, the gene expression of ADP dependent glucokinase (ADPGK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and glycogen synthesis (GS) were increased significantly, while no statistic difference was observed in the expression of gene hexokinase (HK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and fructose‐1, 6‐bisphosphatase‐1 (FBP1), the expression of glycogen synthesis kinase 3β (GSK3β) was decreased significantly. Comparative metabolomic analysis identified 53 positive differential metabolites and 40 negative differential metabolites (VIP≥1, p < 0.05) in the liver of largemouth bass between the two groups. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis indicated that the diet with high level of α‐starch significantly enriched multiple amino acid metabolism pathways and significantly affected levels of metabolites involved in carbohydrate metabolism in largemouth bass. These results suggested that high‐carbohydrate diet contained 20% α‐starch had a negative impact on growth, glycometabolism and antioxidant capacity, which may be caused by the changes of metabolite contents and metabolic pathways.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on the growth, glycometabolism, antioxidant capacity and metabolome of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides )

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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“…Generally, elevated plasma glucose levels to high carbohydrate consumption may enhance glycolysis coupled with suppression of gluconeogenesis [42]. In the present study, two key genes involved in the gluconeogenesis pathway are significantly decreased in the liver of zebrafish when fed excess dietary carbohydrates (30%-50% dextrin), and this result is similar to that in grass carp [43] and gibel carp [41]. These in vivo results are consistent with the results in ZFL when incubated in high glucose.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Study on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Xi,

Lu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Nutrition

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Excessive carbohydrate intake leads to metabolic disorders in fish. However, few literatures have reported the appropriate carbohydrate level for zebrafish, and the metabolic response to dietary carbohydrate remains largely unknown in zebrafish. This study assessed the responses of zebrafish and zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL) to different carbohydrate levels. In vivo results showed that ≥30% dietary dextrin levels significantly increased the plasma glucose content, activated the expression of hepatic glycolysis-related genes, and inhibited the expression of hepatic gluconeogenesis-related genes in zebrafish. Oil red O staining, triglyceride content, and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining results showed that dietary dextrin levels of ≥30% significantly increased lipid accumulation and liver damage, as well as processes related to glycolipid metabolism and inflammation in zebrafish. In ZFL, the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c signal intensity, 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY 493/503) signal intensity, and triglyceride content were also significantly increased when incubated in high glucose, along with abnormal glycolipid metabolism and increased inflammation-related genes. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the maximum dietary carbohydrate level in adult zebrafish should be less than 30%. Excess dietary carbohydrates (30%–50%) caused hepatic steatosis and damage to zebrafish, similar to that seen in aquaculture species. Thus, this study assessed responses to different carbohydrate levels in zebrafish and illustrated that zebrafish is an optimal model for investigating glucose metabolism in some aquatic animals.

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“…Therefore, high-fat feed is widely used in fish farming. However, recent studies have indicated that the intake of high fat diet (HFD) often induces excess fat deposition, metabolic disorders, and immune dysfunction (Jin et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2014;Xie et al, 2021a;Yin et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quercetin Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Excessive Fat Deposition of Spotted Seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) Through the Regulatory for Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of quercetin (QUE) on fat deposition and the underlying mechanism. Fish were fed four test diets: normal fat diet (NFD), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg quercetin (QUE0.5 or QUE1.0). The results showed that HFD feeding resulted in poor growth and feed utilization while QUE treatment reversed this. The fat contents of serum and liver were increased by HFD and QUE supplementation significantly decreased fat content. Furthermore, gene expressions and ultrastructure observation showed that mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy were inhibited and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the HFD group. QUE can activate the biogenesis and autophagy of mitochondria and suppress ERS, which is related to its fat-lowering effect.

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Adaptations of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in response to high‐macronutrient diets in juvenile grass carp

Abstract: The persistent overfeeding of high-energy feed is one of the farming technology to achieve fast growth in a relatively short period, but also is one of the reasons that the cultured fish are fatter or produce greater visceral mass than the wildfish (Du et al., 2008;

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on the growth, glycometabolism, antioxidant capacity and metabolome of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides )

Effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on the growth, glycometabolism, antioxidant capacity and metabolome of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides )

Study on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Quercetin Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Excessive Fat Deposition of Spotted Seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) Through the Regulatory for Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum

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