Adaptive Asynchronous Sleep Scheduling Protocols for Delay Tolerant Networks

Abstract

Abstract-In this paper, we focus on power management for Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN), and propose two asynchronous clock-based sleep scheduling protocols that are distributed, adaptive, and energy efficient. Moreover, the sleep schedules can be constructed using simple systematic algorithms. We also discuss how the proposed protocols can be implemented in mobile devices for adapting to dynamic network conditions in DTN. Theoretical analysis is given to demonstrate the energy efficiency and scalability of the proposed protocols. Simulation results show that the proposed protocols reduce the energy consumption in the idle listening mode up to 35 percent in comparison with other existing asynchronous clock-based sleep scheduling protocols, and more than 90 percent compared with the protocol without power management, while maintaining comparable packet delivery delay and delivery ratio.

Energy savings in opportunistic networks

“…Different mechanisms for adaptive scheduling of wake-up intervals have also been proposed in the delay tolerant networks domain [10], [11] however their aim is to reduce the energy consumption while maintaining required connectivity in sparse multihop wireless networks. Instead, opportunistic networks in urban environments are single hop networks characterized by individual content preferences and mobility patterns with short contacts.…”

“…In this paper we look into another strategy for minimizing energy consumption on a single-radio system: duty-cycling. Duty-cycling, or sleep scheduling, has been a popular idea for energy savings in sensor networks [8], [9] and delay tolerant networks [10], [11]. Opportunistic networks in urban environments are affected by individual content preferences and by mobility patterns with short contact opportunities which make System off, 802.11 off System off, 802.11 on Beacon period 10 s Beacon period 1 s Beacon period 0.1 s Fig.…”

Mobility and service discovery in opportunistic networks

“…Moreover, the delays in dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) may add significantly to service discovery time when first entering a hotspot, however, optimizations are possible and can significantly speed up the process. 1 Therefore, we will discuss in Section V how these limitations affect the access point-assisted service discovery.…”

“…For energy aware neighbor discovery there are numerous schemes available [7], [5], [1] to schedule the discovery beaconing (or node sleeping) independently in nodes so that simultaneous wake schedules for the nodes can be calculated. The calculated schedule then guarantees that the node discovery happens within a given maximum time if the nodes are in the communication range.…”

The virtue of selfishness: Device perspective on mobile data offloading

“…There have been efforts towards minimizing the battery consumption in wireless mobile networks without infrastructure with the most prominent example being duty cycling which has been widely explored in sensor [4], [5], delay tolerant [6], [7], and recently also opportunistic networks [8]. These solutions have been proven to significantly reduce the energy consumption, however they assume that all nodes participating in the content exchange are altruistic, and willing to share data with others throughout their lifetime.…”